Lower GI Pharm Flashcards
loperamide: mechanism of action, advantage over diphenoxylate
narcotic (opioid derivative) antidiarrheal, mu receptor agonist, penetrates CNS poorly
diphenoxylate: mechanism of action, give with what
narcotic (opioid derivative) antidiarrheal, mu receptor agonist; penetrates CNS –> give with atropine to prevent abuse
octreotide*: mechanism of action, use
somatostatin analog, inhibits hormone secretion, treats diarrhea associated with carcinoid tumors
bismuth subsalicylate*: use
traveler’s diarrhea
magnesium hydroxide*: mechanism of action
saline cathartic laxative, inorganic salt that is not absorbed and thus causes water retention
lactulose*: mechanism of action
osmotic laxative, unabsorbed carbohydrate metabolized to short chain fatty acids by gut bacteria
polyethylene glycol*: mechanism of action
osmotic laxative, unabsorbed, retain water due to osmotic grade
docusate salts: mechanism of action
anionic surfactant, lowers surface tension of stool
bisacodyl: mechanism of action
contact cathartic, stimulant laxative; acts on large intestine, prodrug
lubiprostone: mechanism of action, use
laxative, prostanoid that activates chloride channels in the intestine to increase fluid secretion; treats chronic constipation and women with IBS
linaclotide: mechanism of action
laxative, binds and activates guanylate cyclase C receptor –> increase intracellular and extracellular cGMP
senna: mechanism of action
contact cathartic, stimulant laxative; acts on large intestine, prodrug
methylnaltrexone: mechanism of action, use
mu opioid receptor selective antagonist, used for opioid-associated constipation
prednisone*: mechanism of action, use
corticosteroid used for moderate to severe attacks of Crohn
budesonide*: mechanism of action, use
enteric-release steroid used for Crohn