Lower GI Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

loperamide: mechanism of action, advantage over diphenoxylate

A

narcotic (opioid derivative) antidiarrheal, mu receptor agonist, penetrates CNS poorly

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2
Q

diphenoxylate: mechanism of action, give with what

A

narcotic (opioid derivative) antidiarrheal, mu receptor agonist; penetrates CNS –> give with atropine to prevent abuse

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3
Q

octreotide*: mechanism of action, use

A

somatostatin analog, inhibits hormone secretion, treats diarrhea associated with carcinoid tumors

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4
Q

bismuth subsalicylate*: use

A

traveler’s diarrhea

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5
Q

magnesium hydroxide*: mechanism of action

A

saline cathartic laxative, inorganic salt that is not absorbed and thus causes water retention

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6
Q

lactulose*: mechanism of action

A

osmotic laxative, unabsorbed carbohydrate metabolized to short chain fatty acids by gut bacteria

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7
Q

polyethylene glycol*: mechanism of action

A

osmotic laxative, unabsorbed, retain water due to osmotic grade

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8
Q

docusate salts: mechanism of action

A

anionic surfactant, lowers surface tension of stool

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9
Q

bisacodyl: mechanism of action

A

contact cathartic, stimulant laxative; acts on large intestine, prodrug

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10
Q

lubiprostone: mechanism of action, use

A

laxative, prostanoid that activates chloride channels in the intestine to increase fluid secretion; treats chronic constipation and women with IBS

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11
Q

linaclotide: mechanism of action

A

laxative, binds and activates guanylate cyclase C receptor –> increase intracellular and extracellular cGMP

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12
Q

senna: mechanism of action

A

contact cathartic, stimulant laxative; acts on large intestine, prodrug

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13
Q

methylnaltrexone: mechanism of action, use

A

mu opioid receptor selective antagonist, used for opioid-associated constipation

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14
Q

prednisone*: mechanism of action, use

A

corticosteroid used for moderate to severe attacks of Crohn

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15
Q

budesonide*: mechanism of action, use

A

enteric-release steroid used for Crohn

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16
Q

olsalazine: mechanism of action, use

A

5-aminosalicylate prodrug used for IBD

17
Q

mesalamine: mechanism of action, use

A

5-aminosalicylate prodrug used for IBD

18
Q

sulfasalazine*: mechanism of action, use, disadvantage

A

5-aminosalicylate prodrug used for IBD; has more side effects than olsalazine and mesalamine due to sulfapyridine intermediate

19
Q

infliximab*: mechanism of action, use

A

immunoglobulin against TNFalpha, used for UC and Crohn