Host Defense Flashcards
what protein is important in repairing ulcers and forming restitutive epithelium?
TGFbeta
where are TLRs expressed? what do they recognize?
basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells, on DCs, macrophages, PMNs; bacterial, fungal, and viral structures
where are NLRs (Nod-like receptors) expressed? what do they recognize?
in cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells, macrophages, PMNs; bacterial wall components
where are mannose receptors expressed? what do they recognize?
phagocytes; bacterial cell wall and fungal cell wall components
where are C-reactive proteins expressed? what do they recognize?
plasma; microbial cell wall components
what cytokines are involved in anti-bacterial response? (5)
TNF, IL-1, IL-6, TGFbeta, IL-12
what cytokines are involved in anti-viral response?
IFNalpha/beta/gamma, IL-12
what kind of T cells are involved in anti-bacterial response?
Th1 and Th17 T cells
during the adaptive immune response against bacteria, ____ secrete ____ to induce B cell differentiation into IgG plasma cells
Th1 T cells; IFNgamma
during the adaptive immune response against bacteria, ____ secrete ____ to induce B cell differentiation into IgA plasma cells
epithelial cells; TGFbeta
distinguish the 3 complement pathways by what binds to bacterial surface
classical: antibodies such as IgM
alternative: cleaved C3 protein
lectin: mannose-binding lectin
all 3 complement pathways coalesce at what event?
bacterium coated by C3b –> opsonization
what are the roles of C5a and C5b?
C5a enhances inflammation and C5b forms the MAC complex on bacterium –> lysis
role of IL-12
induces differentiation of T cells into Th1 cells, activates NK cells
role of CD8 T cells
differentiate into CTLs and kill virally-infected cells
