Living Standards in a Changing World

Question 1

GDP per capita

Answer 1

gross domestic product, or the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in one year, divided by the population

Question 2

What does the Human Development Index rank according to what?

Answer 2

ranks the standard of living according to life expectancy, literacy rate, and the GDP per capita.

Question 3

newly industrializing countries

Answer 3

countries that are experiencing rapid economic and industrial growth; many are switching from agricultural to industrial economies

Question 4

heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs)

Answer 4

countries at the low end of the UN Human Development Index that are in debt to developed nations

Question 5

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Answer 5

eight goals developed by the member states of the United Nations to close the gap in living standards between developed and developing countries

Question 6

Goals of the Millennium Development Goals

Answer 6

1. eliminate extreme poverty and hunger
2. achieve universal primary education
3. promote gender equality and empower women
4. reduce child mortality
5. improve maternal health
6. combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7. ensure environmental sustainability

Question 7

globalization

Answer 7

the spread of ideas, information, and culture around the world through advances in communication, technology, and travel

Question 8

multinational corporations (MNCs)

Answer 8

companies that do business in more than once country

Question 9

Word Bank

Answer 9

an international group of five financial institutions that provide financial and technical help to developing countries

Question 10

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Answer 10

an international organization designed to promote economic stability and development

Question 11

megaproject

Answer 11

a very large-scale costly project to help develop infrastructure, such as building roads, dams, or irrigation systems

Question 12

structural adjustment programs (SAPs)

Answer 12

programs designed by the World Bank and IMF to adjust the economies of developing countries as a condition of receiving loans

Question 13

bilateral aid

Answer 13

assistance from one country to another

Question 14

offshore farming

Answer 14

food is grown and then shipped back to the country that owns the land

Question 15

subsistence farming

Answer 15

a form of farming in which the crops grown are used to feed the farmer and his or her family with little or nothing left over to sell or trade

Question 16

subsidies

Answer 16

grants from the government, intended to help people

Question 17

World Health Organization (WHO)

Answer 17

UN agency that coordinates international health activities and helps governments improve health services

Question 18

forms of foreign aid

Answer 18

1. Official development assistance
2. non-governmental organizations
3. multilateral aid
4. bilateral aid

Question 19

multilateral aid

Answer 19

aid delivered through international organizations such as the UN and the World Bank

Question 20

tied aid

Answer 20

aid given to a foreign country with conditions attached

Question 21

Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)

Answer 21

Canada;s leading development agency for assistance to the developing world

Question 22

CIDA pritority areas

Answer 22

basic human needs, women, infrastructure services, human rights, democracy, and good government