Canada Shifts Focus: 1980 and Beyond

Question 1

Generation x

Answer 1

generation after baby boomers. children of single working parents or those who lived in households in which both parents worked

Question 2

Inventions of 1980s-1990s

Answer 2

Home computer, laptop, cellphones, video cassette recorders, CDs

Question 3

Multiculturalism Act

Answer 3

provides a legal framework for multiculturalism in Canada. Aimed to reinforce racial and cultural equality with legal authority.

Question 4

Aboriginals wanted self-government to…

Answer 4

right to manage resources and gain contol of their education, culture, and justice systems.

Question 5

Specific claims

Answer 5

First Nations claims to land based on the belief that the government did not fulfill its obligations under a treaty or other agreement

Question 6

Comprehensive claims

Answer 6

the assertion of the right of Aboriginal nations to large tracts of land because their ancestors were the original inhabitants

Question 7

What are the two types of Aboriginal Land Claims?

Answer 7

Specific claims and comprehensive claims

Question 8

Oka crisis

Answer 8

town council of Oka decided to expand a golf course into long-disputed land that the aboriginals considered sacred. Mohawks in protest blockaded the line. Police became involved. Eventually the land was purchased by federal government and given to the Aboriginals.

Question 9

The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples

Answer 9

extensive study of the issues that affected Aboriginal peoples.

Question 10

Findings of The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples

Answer 10

1. One in 4 first nations children live in poverty compared to 1 in 6 canadian children
2. life expectancy for first nations men is 7.4 years less and 5.2 years less for women
3. unemployment is over 50% and rises to over 60% for those without high school completion

Question 11

patriate

Answer 11

to take control of power over a document from a former colonial government

Question 12

Why did Trudeau want to patriate Canads Constitution?

Answer 12

One of the leading reasons was the threat of Quebec separatism.

Question 13

sovereignty-association (1980 referendum)

Answer 13

a proposal by Quebec nationalist that Quebec have political independence yet retain close economic ties or association with Canada

Question 14

What did the sovereignty-association partnership include:

Answer 14

1. free trade between Canada and Quebec
2. a common currency for the two nations
3. common tariffs against imported goods

Question 15

What did Trudeau do in reaction to the 1980 Referendum?

Answer 15

He promised to negotiate a new Constitution, which proved popular among Quebecois who wanted a Constitution that recognized Quebec as an equal partner in Confederation and as a distinct society within Canada.

Question 16

distinct society

Answer 16

a phrase that refers to the recognition of the unique nature of Quebec within Canada; it often has the sense that Quebec should have special powers and privileges to protect its language and culture

Question 17

amending formula

Answer 17

a process by which changes can legally be made to the Canadian Constitution

Question 18

While amending the constitution what did the premiers demand?

Answer 18

An escape clause. This was the notwithstanding clause. Which allowed the federal government or any of the provinces to opt out of some of the cluases in the Charter.

Question 19

Quebec and amending the constitution..

Answer 19

Quebec refused to sign the proposed Constitution because they felt they were being denied the recognition of their distinct status.

Question 20

The Meech Lake Accord

Answer 20

proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada. Included an offer to recognize Quebec as a distinct society. Accord failed

Question 21

Bloc Quebecois

Answer 21

a federal party dedicated to Quebec separation from Canada

Question 22

The Charlottetown Accord

Answer 22

proposed amendments to the constitution of canada. Aboriginal self-government and Quebecs concerns were addressed. Senate would be reformed. Rejected.

Question 23

Free Trade Agreement (FTA)

Answer 23

the agreement that came into effect between Canada and the US to allow goods produced in each country to cross the border tariff-free

Question 24

Supporters of free trade

Answer 24

1. Canada would attract more US investment
2. give Canada access to larger US market
3. would attract US firms to Canada

Question 25

Arguments against free trade

Answer 25

1. US branch plant will return to Canada
2. Canadian businesses could not compete against giant US companies
3. threatened Canadas independence

Question 26

Free Trade Agreement points

Answer 26

1. Tariffs between Canada and the US would be eliminated
2. Cultural industries were exempt from the agreement
3. Agreement included mechanisms to ensure fair competition

Question 27

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Answer 27

between US, Mexico, and Canada to create a free trade zone

Question 28

globalization

Answer 28

a process by which the regions and countries of the world are becoming economically and culturally interconnected

Question 29

How did the Cold War end?

Answer 29

Soviet Union could no longer afford arms race with US. Later Soviet Union collapsed and cold war was over.

Question 30

Persian Gulf War

Answer 30

Iraqi forces invaded the oil-rich country of Kuwait. UN authorized a multinational force against the aggressor nation.

Question 31

Genocide in Rwanda

Answer 31

Rwanda divided into Tutsis and Hutus. Hutus overthrew the Tutsi-led government and began murdering Tutsis and their supporters.

Question 32

Canada’s response to Rwanda

Answer 32

Canadian Lieutenant General Dallaire sent urgent appeals to UN. He felt that they needed to send a large multinational force to disarm the warring factions. His plan required two things, speed and the support of the US (only country that could provide enough troops on short notice). Response was no from both sides.

Question 33

War in Somalia

Answer 33

Civil war broke out and many somalis were starving. Canadian forces joined those from other countries in distributing food and other essential supplies.

Question 34

Canada and the war in somalia

Answer 34

Canadian Airborne Regiment arrested a Somali teenager, they tortured and beat him to death. High-level attempt to cover up the incident. Canadians were shocked by the brutality of these events, government disbanded the Airborne Regiment.

Question 35

Civil War in Yugoslavia

Answer 35

Once new president was elected tensions among the republics broke out into ethnic conflict. NATO launched a series of strikes against Serbian forces. Eventually parties agreed to a ceasefire.

Question 36

Air Strikes on Yugoslavia

Answer 36

When diplomatic efforts failed to stop NATO launched its first ever military operation against an independent country.
Canada particpated. Led to questions about Canadas role in NATO and NATOs role.

Question 37

9/11

Answer 37

terrorist attacks al-Qaeda. Federal government enacted anti-terrorist legislation and began using security certificates, which allowed people suspected of terrorist activity to be tried in secret hearings and deported.

Question 38

War in Afghanistan

Answer 38

US with support of United Kingdom attacked Afghanistan. The aim was to destroy al-Qaeda and its leader. Canada sent naval task force.

Question 39

Iraq War

Answer 39

US decided to invade Iraq to disarm weapons of mass destruction. Turned out no weapons were found. US and Britain defeated Iraq and occupied the country.