Canada in the Post-War World: 1950s

Question 1

Baby boom

Answer 1

the increase in the birth rate that occurred after the second world war

Question 2

Suburbs

Answer 2

outlying areas of cities, land was less expensive

Question 3

Women in the fifties

Answer 3

Suburban life was centered on traditional middle class family, stay at home mother and father who worked. Women’s magazines supported this.

Question 4

Fashions

Answer 4

long, full skirts, narrow waists, and high heels.

Question 5

Attacks on rock’n’roll

Answer 5

strong rhythms and rebellious lyrics shocked older generations. Banned in many places. Elvis Presley’s hip swiveling was called obscene. TV producers banned camera shots below his waist.

Question 6

Massey Commission

Answer 6

a body set up by federal government to study the state Canadian culture

Question 7

What did the Massey Commission find?

Answer 7

Suggested that Canadian culture needed to be protected from U.S influences.

1. Canadian television would be used to promote national communication and for cultural education
2. National Film Board would be strengthened
3. Government would become involved in funding universities and the arts. Canada Council for the Arts was created, awarded grants.

Question 8

Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC)

Answer 8

would regulate the amount of foreign material broadcast over the airwaves and impose rules requiring Canadian content

Question 9

displaced persons

Answer 9

those who are forced to leave their native home because of war or for political reasons

Question 10

Why did the Immigration rate increase?

Answer 10

War brides, displaced persons, immigrants were attracted by new possibilities in Canada

Question 11

Were all soliders given the same benefits?

Answer 11

No aboriginals weren’t

Question 12

What was the purpose of residential schools?

Answer 12

Isolated from their home communities and families and forced to abandon their culture and language. Purpose was the assimilation of Aboriginal children into mainstream canadian culture

Question 13

Changes to the Indian Act

Answer 13

Women gained the right to vote in band elections, and potlaces and wearing traditional regalia were no longer illegal.

Question 14

Louis St. Laurent

Answer 14

Kings successor. First person to use the media to gain support, form then on media has played an influential part. Brought in hospital insurance.

Question 15

What did Louis St. Laurent do to increase Canadian autonomy?

Answer 15

1. appointed the first Canadian born Governor General, Vincent Massey
2. Made the Supreme Court of Canada the highest court of appeal for Canadian cases
3. negotiating with Britain to give the Canadian Parliament the power to amend portions of its own constitution

Question 16

populist

Answer 16

someone who appeals to the concerns of ordinary citizens

Question 17

Referendum

Answer 17

the process of referring a political question to the people for a direct vote

Question 18

John Diefenbaker

Answer 18

Canadians loved him. Next prime minister after Laurent.

Question 19

Newfoundland joining Canada

Answer 19

King had set in motion that Canada expand, St. Laurent was part of the negotiations that resulted in Newfouldland joining Canada. Newfoundland was given a referendum with 3 options:
1. Continue be governed by special commission
2. self-governing dominion within the British Empire
3. Join Canada
No clear majority won. Another vote without the option of commission.

Question 20

Maurice Duplessis

Answer 20

Quebec Premier, party Union Nationale. Strong Quebec nationalist.

Question 21

Quebec education

Answer 21

Schools and universities focused on traditional subjects such as languages and philosophy. Quebec produced many priests, lawyers, and politicians.

Question 22

Duplessis era=

Answer 22

the Great Darkness for many Quebecois

Question 23

Veterans and jobs

Answer 23

New lawas ensured that they got their old jobs back if they wanted them and that the years they had been at war were counted as years of service on the job. Government policy encouraged women to leave factories to make room for men. Veterans who wished to attend university or trade school received free tuition and living allowances.

Question 24

C.D. Howe

Answer 24

Two decades as a Cabinet minister, was responsible for railways, canals, airlines, munitions, war supplies, transition to peacetime, pipelines, trade, and commerce.

Question 25

Boom town

Answer 25

a town that enjoys sudden prosperity or develops quickly

Question 26

Boom and bust cycle

Answer 26

a term used to describe a healthy (booming) economy and/or one that is failing (bust)

Question 27

Inventions of the 1950s

Answer 27

Ballpoint pen, satellite, heart pacemaker, vinyl, television

Question 28

megaprojects

Answer 28

large scale construction projects that require a huge capital investment; the construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway is an example

Question 29

St. Lawrence Seaway

Answer 29

system of locks that would allow large ships from the Atlantic to travel all the way to Lake Superior.

Question 30

Trans-Canada Pipeline

Answer 30

natural gas pipeline to carry gas east from Alberta all the way to Quebec

Question 31

What did Canadian workers win?

Answer 31

Strikes were frequent and workers won higher wages, 5-day 40 hour workweek and paid vacations

Question 32

Igor Gouzenko

Answer 32

clerk at the soviet embassy in ottawa. Found out the there was a soviet spy ring operating within the canadian government. Likely trying to discover information about the atomic bomb.

Question 33

Cold War

Answer 33

a period lasting approzimately from 1945-1989 when there was tension and hostility between the communist Soviet Union and its allies and the capitalist United States and its allies

Question 34

capitalist

Answer 34

US and most Western countries were capitalist. Economies were based on private enterprise, with individuals investing in business for profit. Citizens had basic freedoms such as freedom of the press and freedom of speech.

Question 35

superpowers

Answer 35

the term used to refer to the United States and Soviet Union in the post-WW2 period when both were engaged in building up powerful arsenals of weapons of mass destruction as deterrents (disincentive) against aggression

Question 36

Red Menace

Answer 36

refers to the threat from the communist Soviet Union and its allies

Question 37

middle power

Answer 37

a nation that is not a super power but has international influence (Canada)

Question 38

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Answer 38

the mutual defence organization set up to protect several western european countries, Canada and the US from possible aggression from the USSR after WW2. An attack on one NATO member was to be treated as an attack on all.

Question 39

Warsaw Pact

Answer 39

A military alliance with Eastern European communist countires and the Soviet Union to counter NATO

Question 40

What did Canada commit to when it joined NATO?

Answer 40

it agreed to keep a full army brigade and several air squadrons in Europe

Question 41

North American Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD)

Answer 41

a defense agreement signed in 1958 between Canada and the United States . Continetal air defence against the threat of attacks from the Soviet Union

Question 42

Distant Early Warning (DEW) line

Answer 42

radar stations in northern Canada set up between 1958 and 1960 to detect Soviet activity over the North Pole

Question 43

Intercontinental ballistic missiles

Answer 43

missiles equipped with nuclear warheads that have a range of 550 kilometres

Question 44

United Nations

Answer 44

an organization established in 1945 to bring peace and security to the world. Membership open to all nations. General Assembly and the Security Council govern the UN

Question 45

World Health Organization (WHO)

Answer 45

the United Nations health organization responsible for providing leadership for global health

Question 46

The General Assembly

Answer 46

Each member nation has a seat. Provides a forum in which members can debate issues. Has three powers it can use against aggressor nations:
1. condemn the actions through speechs and resolutions
2. use economic sanctions
3. deploy armed forces
Each member votes for decisions.

Question 47

The Security Council

Answer 47

5 permanent members (Britain, France, US, Russia, and China). 10 non-permanent members, each holding a two year term. Maintain peace and security, deploy peacekeeping missions. Decisions need the consent of 9 members.

Question 48

Korean Conflict

Answer 48

North Korea invaded South Korea. UN called on its members to assist South Korea. Pearson, Canadas Minister of External Affairs, urged all sides to agree to a ceasefire (truce). 1953 ceasefire was reached.

Question 49

How did the Suez Crisis start?

Answer 49

When Egypts president took over the Suez Canal and threatened to ban ships travelling to and from Israel. Israel, Britian and France planned “Operation Musketeer” to regain control of the canal. Ignoring a UN Security Council resolution they landed troops in the canal zone.

Question 50

Lester Pearson contribute to the Suez Crisis?

Answer 50

Went to UN to try and find a solution. He proposed that a multinational peacekeeping force be created and installed in the war zone to maintain ceasefires and oversee the withdrawal of troops. UN agreed and formed United Nations Emergency Force, crisis ended peacefully. Won nobel peace prize.