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Abdomen > Liver Part 2 P2 > Flashcards

Liver Part 2 P2 Flashcards

1
Q

4 disorders of liver metabolism

A

Steatosis (fatty liver)
Glycogen storage disease- neonatal
Cirrhosis- chronic liver disease
NASH- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

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2
Q

Glycogen storage disease occurs in ________ period

A

Neonatal

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3
Q

In Glycogen storage disease large amounts of __________ are deposited in ____ and _____

A

Glycogen

Deposited in liver and kidneys

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4
Q

Glycogen storage disease patients survive to yound adulthood with

A

Enzyme therapy

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5
Q

Glycogen storage disease may develop (2)

A

Benign adenomas or hepatocellular carcinomas

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6
Q

Glycogen storage disease appaers indistinguishable from

A

Diffuse fatty infiltration

But there is a different age group

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7
Q

Cirrhosis diffuse process characterized by (2)

A

Fibrosis and the conversion of normal liver architecture into structural abnormal nodules

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8
Q

3 major pathological mechanisms of Cirrhosis

A

Cell death
Fibrosis
Regeneration

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9
Q

Most common cause of micronodular form of Cirrhosis

A

Alcohol consumption

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10
Q

Most freq cause of macronodular form of Cirrhosis

A

Chronic viral hepatitis

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11
Q

Patients who continue to abuse alcohol after cirrhosis may end up with

A

End stage liver disease

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12
Q

End stage liver diseaase clinical presentation is

A

Hepatomegally
Jaundice
Ascites

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13
Q

4 Other causes of Cirrhosis

A

Biliary Cirrhosis
Wilsons disease
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Hemochromatosis

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14
Q

Most common cause of Cirrhosis is

A

Portal hypertension

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15
Q

Sonographic appearance of Cirrhosis

A

Volume redistribution
Coarse echotexture
Nodular surface
Regenerative and dysplastic nodules

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16
Q

Portal hypertension sonographic appearance of Cirrhosis

A

Ascites, splenomegally and varices

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17
Q

Sonographic pattern in early stages of Cirrhosis (3)

A

Liver may be enlarged
May be difficult to distinguish from fatty liver
Look for irregular contour (higher freq)

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18
Q

Sonographic pattern in advanced stages of Cirrhosis

A

Liver is often shrinking with ascites

19
Q

Sonographic pattern in coarse stages of Cirrhosis

A

Increased echogenicity

Loss of smooth texture

20
Q

Sonographic patterns of nodular surface with cirrhosis (3)

A

Irregularity of liver surface due to regenerating nodules and fibrosis
Ascites helps outline edges
Linear probe delineates the contour well

21
Q

Sonographic appearnace of regenerating nodules (2)

A

Hepatocytes surrounded by fibrotic septae

May be isoechoic or hypoechoic with a thin echogenic border

22
Q

Dysplastic nodules are larger than ____mm

A

10 mm

23
Q

Dysplastic nodules have well differentiated (3)

A

Hepatocytes
Portal venous blood supply
Malignant cells

24
Q

With Dysplastic nodules a _____ is indicated to rule out HCC

A

Biopsy

25
Q

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a _______ and _____ liver diease

A

Commmon and silent

26
Q

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) resembles

A

Alcoholic liver disease but they dont drink

27
Q

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) major feature is

A

Fat in the liver, along with inflammation and damage

28
Q

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can lead to

A

Cirrhosis

29
Q

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is related to

A

Obesity

30
Q

Signs and symptoms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

A

Fatigue, weight loss and weakness

31
Q

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) diagnosed by

A

Biopsy with increased LFTs

32
Q

Treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

A

Reduce weight, eat balance diet, due activity, avoid alcohol

33
Q

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) sonographically appears as

A

Dense fatty infiltration of cirrhosis

34
Q

Acute liver failur defined as

A

s “the rapid development of hepatocellular dysfunction, specifically coagulopathy and mental status changes (encephalopathy) in a patient without known prior liver disease”

35
Q

Chronic liver failure usually occurs in context of

A

Cirrhosis

36
Q

Chronic liver failure result of (6)

A

Excessive alcohol
HEP B or C
Autoimmune, hereditary and metabolic causes
Steatohepatitis or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

37
Q

Does uncomplocicated portal hypertension cause ascites

A

No

38
Q

Ascites usually occurs ________ to licer cell failure

A

Secondary

39
Q

Coagulopathy is

A

Bloods ability to clot is impaired

40
Q

Coagulopathy may occur (2)

A

Spontaneously or following a medical condition

41
Q

Hepatic encephalopathy is result of

A

Liver failure

42
Q

With hepatic encephalopathy patient exhibits

A

Confusion, altered level of consciousness and coma

43
Q

Drug account for __ to ___ % of hepatic failure

A

20-40%

44
Q

Outcome of drug toxicity is _____ or _____

A

Liver transplant or death

Abdomen (20 decks)

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