Liver Part 1 Flashcards
Liver produces _________ needed by the body
Protein
Liver produces energy by
Breaking down nutrients
The liver stores
Vitamins, minerals and sugar
Bile is needed to break down (5)
Fats and vit A, D, E, and K
Liver produces most of the substances that regulate
Blood clotting
Bile is produced within
The hepatocyte
the ___________ drains old blood in the liver back to the hepatic veins
Central vein
Which structure seperates the medial and lateral left lobe
Left intersegmental fissure
Which structures lie within the left inter segmental fissure
Cranially =
Middle =
Caudally=
Cranially - LHV
Middle — Ascending LPV
Caudally- ligamentum teres
What does the middle hepatic vein separate
Anterior RL and medial LL
What is the name of the capsule
Glissons capsule
Right lobe measuremtn
13-17 cm
Hepatic veins in what directions
Hepatofugal
MPV should not exceed ____ mm in AP diameter
13mm
Diaphragmatic slips are the cause of _______ on liver sonography
Pseudomass
Diaphragmatic slips are associated with
Diaphragmatic muscle bundles that attach the central tendon to the thoracic cage
Mirror image artifact is caused by
Diaphragm
Is alpha fetoprotein (AFP) seen under normal circumstances
No
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is a ________ normally synthesized by ____(3)
Protein
Liver, yolk sac, and GI tract of fetus
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is a _________ marker for _________
Nonspecific marker for malignancy
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a __________ produced primarly by ____(3)
Enzyme
Liver, bone and placenta
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is excreted through
The bile ducts
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) marked elevation is associated with
Obstructive jaundice
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a _______ found in high concentrations in _________ and low concentrations in ____(3)
Enzyme
High: in the liver
Low: heart, muscle and kidneys
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) remains longer than
Aspartate aminotransferase - AST
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is used to assess
Jaundice
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation is assosiated with (3)
Cirrhosis, hepatitis and biliary obstruction
Mild elevation of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) associated with
Liver metastases
Aspartate aminotransferase - AST is an ________ present in many kinds of tissue that is released when ________
Enzyme
Cells are injured or damaged
Aspartate aminotransferase - AST levels are proportional to the (2)
Amount of damage and
the time between cell injury and testing
Aspartate aminotransferase - AST test is used to diagnose
Liver disease before jaundice occurs
Aspartate aminotransferase - AST elevation is associated with (3)
Cirrhosis, hepatitis and mononucleosis
Prothrombin time test is an _______ produced by _______
Enzyme prod by liver
Normal clotting time is
10-15 seconds
Prothrombin time depends on the amount of
Vitamin K
Elevation of prothrombin time is associated with (4)
Cirrhosis, malignancy, malabsorption of vitamin K and clotting failure
Prothrombin time decreases with (5)
subacute or acute cholecystitis, internal biliary fistula, carcinoma of the GB, biliary duct injury and prolonged extrahepatic biliary obstruction
Leukocytosis is
A white blood cell count above the normal range
Leukocytosis is a sign of
Inflammatory or infection response
Leukocytosis is not a disease but a
Labratory finding
Serum albumin decrease suggests
A decrease in protein synthesis
Normal total bilirubin is ____ to ____d/L
0.3-1.1
Normal direct bilirubin is ___ to ___ d/L
0.1-0.4
Bilirubin is a product of the
Breakdown of hemoglobin in old blood cells
Elevation of direct or conjugated bilirubin is associated with (4)
Obstruction, hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver metastases
