Lesson 2.1 P5

Question 1

hemobilia caused in 65% by

Answer 1

iatrogenic causes (medical work)

Question 2

other causes of hemobilia

Answer 2

cholangitis
vascular malformations
trauma
malignancies

Question 3

indications of hemobilia (3)

Answer 3

pain, bleeding and increased bilirubin

Question 4

what does hemobilia appear as

Answer 4

blood clot within biliary tree

Question 5

sonographic appearance of hemobilia

Answer 5

echogenic, mixed echogenicity, conforms to shape of the duct

Question 6

what is pneumobilia

Answer 6

air within biliary tree

Question 7

what does pneumobilia appear as

Answer 7

bright echogenic linear structures following portal triads, ring down artifact

Question 8

causes of pneumobilia

Answer 8

iatrogenic leading to 3 entities

Question 9

3 entities resulting in pneumobilia

Answer 9

1. Emphysematous cholecystitis
2. Choledochouodenal fitsula
3. Cholecystoenteric fistula –> ereodes into bowell

Question 10

what is Gallstone ileum

Answer 10

paralysis of nerves

stones pass into bowell by cholecystoenteric fistula