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Abdomen > Liver Part 2 > Flashcards

Liver Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Viral hepatitis can lead to (3)

A

Portal hypertension
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma

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2
Q

How is Hep a spread

A

Fecal oral route

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3
Q

Hep a is epidemic in developing countries affecting

A

THE YOUth

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4
Q

Hep a is a _____ infection

A

Acute

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5
Q

Hep a causes death by

A

ACUTE LIVER FAILURE

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6
Q

Hep B is transmitted

A

Parenterally but also from blood

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7
Q

Where is hep c a major health problem

A

Italy and mediterranean

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8
Q

Hep c spreads throug h

A

Blood

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9
Q

Hep C is detected in lab tests by

A

Presence of antibodies

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10
Q

Hep D is dependent on

A

Having Hep B first

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11
Q

Geographically hep D is where

A

Same as hep B

uncommon in NA

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12
Q

Hep D is common in what type of people

A

IV drug users

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13
Q

Sign of viral hepatitis

A

Jaundice

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14
Q

7 symptoms of viral hep

A

Fatigue, headache, anorexia, fever, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting

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15
Q

Acute hepatitis implies recovery within ____ months

A

4

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16
Q

Acute hepatitis shows the parenchyma as more _______ leading to the appearance of _____________ ______ Walls

A

Hypoechoic

Bright periportal

17
Q

Sonographic appearance of Acute hepatitis is

A

Starry night sign

18
Q

Chronic hep biochemical abnormalities persist beyond

A

6 months

19
Q

Chronic hep will show have ________ present in tests

A

Antibodies

20
Q

On sonogaphy we will see _____ and ______ with Chronic hep

A

Hepatomegaly & thickening of GB wall

21
Q

Can Liver appear normal with Chronic hep

A

Yup

22
Q

Chemicals that are harmful to liver (2)

A

Alcohol

Presecription meds

23
Q

4 disorders of liver metabolism

A

Steatosis (fatty liver)
Glycogen storage disease- neonatal
Cirrhosis- chronic liver disease
NASH- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

24
Q

Steatosis (fatty liver) is a ______ and _____ disorder of metabolism

A

Acquired and reversible

25
Q

Steatosis (fatty liver) is most common cause of _____ recent increase

A

Obesity

26
Q

Steatosis (fatty liver) affects the _____ in the hepatocytes

A

Triglycerides (fat)

27
Q

10 causes of Steatosis (fatty liver)

A 
Excessive alcohol —> causes lipolysis 
Severe hepatitis 
Hyperlipidemia (cholesterol) 
Diabetes 
Excess corticosteroids 
Pregnancy 
Hyperalimentation 
Obesity bypass surgery 
Cystic fibrosis 
Toxins
28
Q

Steatosis (fatty liver) is the precursor for

A

Significant chronic disease

29
Q

Steatosis (fatty liver) may lead to ____ in some patients

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

30
Q

Steatosis (fatty liver) deposits may be ____ or _____

A

Focal or diffuse

31
Q

Mild Steatosis (fatty liver) has

A

Minimal diffuse increase in hepatic echogenicity

32
Q

Moderate Steatosis (fatty liver) has (2)

A

Moderate diffuse increase in hepatic echogenicity

Slightly impaired visualization of intrahepatic vessels and diaphragm

33
Q

Severe Steatosis (fatty liver) has (4)

A

Increase in echogenicity
Poor penetraion of posterior liver
Poor to no visualization of hepatic vessels and diaphragm
Hepatomegally often present

34
Q

3 other sonographic appearances of fatty liver

A

Focal fatty infiltration
Fatty sparing
Focal fat

35
Q

What do we see with focal fatty infiltration

A

Regions of increase echogenicity in background of normal liver

Can mimic a mass

36
Q

Fatty sparing appears as

A

Islands of normal liver parenchyma appear as hypoechoic masses within a dense fatty infiltrated liver

37
Q

Sonographic appearance of Steatosis (fatty liver) (4)

A

Rapid change in appearance and resolution over 6 days
No mass effect
No liver contour abnormality
Focal fat appear rounded, nodular or interspersed

38
Q

4 other tests for testing Steatosis (fatty liver)

A

CT for low attenuation areas

Contrast enhanced to differentiate fatty from neoplasia

MRI - distinguish diffuse from focal fatty infiltration

Nuclear medicine scintigraphy

Abdomen (20 decks)

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