Intro to path Flashcards
4 components of disease
Cause/ etiology
Pathogenesis
Morphologic changes
Clinical manifestation (symptoms)
Lab data includes (3)
White blood cell count
Serum enzymes
Liver function test
6 optimization tools
Depth Focal zone Gain Zoom Tgc THI
How many measurements of abnormalities
3
When reporting measurements which one is reported first
The longest one first
Which is more sensetive power or colour doppler
Power
Colour doppler used to
Measure blood flow
Technical impression has what details of pathology
Location How many Sonographic terminology Measurements Vascularity colour
What is a lesion
Lump or bump on the skin or in a solid organ
Lesions are cystic or solid?
Can be either
What is the general term describing any types of abnormality seen on imaging
Lesion
What is a nodule
A small mass of rounded or irrefular shape
Is a nodule benign of cancerous
Either
Where are nodules found
Within organ parenchyma, on tendons, muscles or vocal cords
Nodule can also be described as
Solid nodule on a cyst wall or septation
Nodule term used most frequently when describing
Thyroid cystic or solid focal areas
What is a mass
An abnormal growth of tissue resulting from multiplication of cells
Mass is synonym for (2)
Tumor or neoplasia
Mass may _____ surrounding tissue
Displace
Three types if tumor consistency
Solid
Liquid
Mixed
Solid tumor
Might attenuate or no enhancement
Liquid tumor
Posterior enhancement
Smooth margins aka
Well delineated
Mass effect is the
Pushing or displacing of adjacent structures
An invading tumor is
Moving into vein or other organ
Cysts have what type of vasculature
Solid?
Cysts : none
Solids might have some
Characteristics of benign tumor (4)
No vascularity
Peripheral vascularity
Smooth contour or margins
Slow growing
Characteristics of malignant tumor (5)
Highly vascular Irregular margins Bulls eye/halo Rapid growth History of cancer
What is happening in central necrosis eye
Tissue is dying and becoming liquid in the centre
A hypoechoic halo may be a _____ sign
Ominous
Pathology often needs to be confirmed with
Lab tests
