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Assessment and Differentiation > Liver channel > Flashcards

Liver channel Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the Liver?

A
  1. Ensuring the smooth flow of Qi 2. Storing Blood.
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2
Q

How does the Liver influence our emotional state/life?

A

The Liver ensures the smooth flow of our emotional life. If Liver-Qi is constrained over a long period of time, our emotional life will be characterised by depression, frustration and irritability.

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3
Q

What patterns does the Liver not suffer from?

A

The Liver does not produce Qi therefore it does not suffer from deficiency of Qi.

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4
Q

What are the two pathogenic factors that affect the Liver?

A

Wind and Dampness.

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5
Q

What are the full patterns of the Liver?

A
  1. Liver-Qi stagnation
  2. Stagnant Liver Qi with Heat
  3. Liver fire blazing
  4. Rebellious Liver
  5. Liver Blood stasis
  6. Damp Heat in the Liver
  7. Stagnation of cold in the Liver channel
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6
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Liver-Qi stasis?

A 
Distension in hypochondria, tightness of diaphragm
Sighing 
Irritability / moodiness
Depression
Menstrual irregularity, PMS
Plumstone
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7
Q

What is the tongue and pulse presentation in Liver Qi stasis?

A

T: Pointy shape, sides may be sightly purple or slightly red.
P: Wiry (esp. left)

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8
Q

What is the treatment principle of Liver Qi stasis?

A

TP: Move (or smooth) Liver Qi

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9
Q

What are the key symptoms of Liver-Qi stasis?

A

Feeling of distension, depression, moodiness and wiry pulse.

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10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Stagnant Liver Qi with heat?

A 
Distension in hypochondria, tightness of diaphragm
Sighing 
Irritability / moodiness
Depression
Menstrual irregularity, PMS
Plumstone 
Red face
Thirst 
Feeling hot
Outbursts of anger 
Irregular and heavy period
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11
Q

What is the tongue and pulse presentation of Stagnant Liver Qi with heat?

A

T: Red sides
P: Wiry and rapid

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12
Q

What is the treatment principle in Stagnant Liver Qi with heat?

A

TP: Move Liver Qi, Clear heat.

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13
Q

What are the key signs and symptoms of Stagnant Liver qi with heat?

A

Feeling of distension, irritability, feeling of heat, wiry pulse and red sides of the tongue.

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14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Rebellious Liver-Qi?

A

Irritability with hypochondrial or epigastric distention
Stomach – belching, vomiting, nausea and stomach churning.
Breast distention

This is normally diagnosed as liver qi invading the stomach.

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15
Q

What is the tongue and pulse presentation in Rebellious Liver-Qi?

A

T: No change or red sides
P: Wiry esp. Stomach and Liver

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16
Q

What is the treatment principle in Rebellious Liver-Qi?

A

TP: Smooth Liver, sedate rebellious Liver Qi.

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17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Liver Blood stasis?

A 
Sharp hypochondrial or abdominal pain
Dysmenorrhoea with dark blood and clots 
Abdominal masses 
Purple / dark complexion
Purple nails / lips

Pain at left st26, st27 aggravated by pressure
Pain over the Liver organ

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18
Q

What is the tongue and pulse presentation of Liver Blood stasis?

A

T: Purple, may have dark purple spots on the side
P: Choppy or firm and wiry

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19
Q

What is the treatment principle of Liver Blood stasis?

A

TP: Smooth Liver and resolve blood stasis

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20
Q

What are the key symptoms of Liver Blood stasis?

A

Dark and clotted menstrual blood, purple tongue.

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21
Q

What kind of pain indicates blood stasis?

A

Blood stasis may occur without pain but a severe, stabbing pain always indicates blood stasis.

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22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Live-Fire Blazing?

A 
Strong irritability and intense outbursts of anger
Red face and eyes 
Temporal headache 
Dream disturbed sleep
Dark Yellow urine 
Constipation
Bleeding
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23
Q

What is the tongue and pulse presentation in Liver-Fire Blazing?

A

T: Red body, redder on sides, dry yellow coat.
P: Full, wiry, rapid and overflowing in Liver position.

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24
Q

What is the treatment principle in Liver-Fire blazing?

A

TP: Drain Liver Fire and smooth the Liver

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25
Q

What are the key symptoms of Liver-Fire Blazing?

A

Headache, irritability, red face, red eyes, red tongue with yellow coating.

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26
Q

In Liver fire blazing why is there symptoms of tinnitus and deafness?

A

Liver-Fire ascends to the ears and clouds the ear orifices.

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27
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Damp-Heat in the Liver

A

Fullness of:
Hypochondrium
Abdomen
Hypogastrium

Heaviness of body 
Sticky taste / bitter taste
Poor appetite, nausea 
Pain, swelling and redness of scrotum / genitals 
Yellow vaginal discharge and itching
28
Q

What is the tongue and pulse presentation in Damp-Heat in the Liver?

A

T: Red with redder sides and a sticky yellow coat
P: Slippery, wiry and rapid

29
Q

What is the treatment principle of Damp-Heat in the Liver?

A

TP: Resolve damp heat and clear the liver

30
Q

What are the key signs and symptoms of Damp-Heat in the Liver?

A

Fullness of hypochondrium and abdomen, feeling of heaviness, nausea, bitter and sticky taste, sticky yellow coating and slippery pulse.

31
Q

What are the key signs and symptoms of Stagnation of Cold in the Liver Channel?

A 
Fullness and distention of hypogastrium referring to scrotum/groin and hypochondrium
Pain is alleviated by warmth
Felling cold / cold hands and feet
Dry vomiting or clear watery fluids 
Shrinking of vagina or testis
32
Q

What is the tongue and pulse presentation of Stagnation of Cold in the Liver Channel?

A

T: Pale and wet with white coat
P: Deep, slow and wiry

33
Q

What is the treatment principle in Stagnation of Cold in the Liver Channel?

A

TP: Expel cold and clear the liver channel

34
Q

What are the key signs and symptoms of Stagnation of Cold in the Liver Channel?

A

Hypogastric pain referring to the scrotum, cold hands and feet, wiry-deep-slow pulse.

35
Q

What are the empty patterns of the Liver?

A
  1. Liver Yin deficiency
  2. Liver Blood deficiency
  3. Liver Yang rising from Yin or blood
36
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Liver Yin deficiency?

A 
Dizziness
Insomnia 
Blurred vision 
Floaters 
Diminished night vision 
Depression, aimless
Numbness and tingling of limbs 
Scanty menstruation, amenorrhoea 
Muscular weakness cramps
Withered brittle nails 
Dry hair and skin
Dull pale complexion

Malar flush
Dry eyes

37
Q

What is the tongue and pulse presentation in Liver Yin deficiency?

A

T: Red without coat
P: Floating and empty

38
Q

What is the treatment principle in Liver Yin Deficiency?

A

TP: Nourish Liver Yin (clear empty heat)

39
Q

What are the key symptoms in Liver Yin deficiency?

A

Blurred vision, dry eyes, tongue without coating

40
Q

What is the tongue and pulse presentation of Liver Blood deficiency?

A

T: Pale body, esp. on sides or orange sides. Possibly thin and dry.
P: Fine, thready/choppy

41
Q

What is the treatment principle of Liver Blood deficiency?

A

TP: Nourish Liver Blood

42
Q

What are the key signs and symptoms of Liver blood deficiency?

A

Blurred vision, scanty periods, dull-pale complexion.

43
Q

What does Liver-Blood nourish?

A 
Eyes: Blurred vision 
Sinews: Tingling, cramps
Nails: Ridged nails
Uterus: Scanty periods 
Ethereal soul: Insomnia, dreaming
44
Q

What are full/empty patterns of the Liver?

A

Liver-Yang rising from yin or blood

45
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Liver Yang rising from Blood deficiency?

A 
Throbbing headache – often manifesting in the Gall Bladder channel – temples, eyes or side of the head. 
Dizziness and blurred vision
Tinnitus or deafness 
Dry mouth and throat 
Irritability and outbursts of anger 
Insomnia 
Stiff neck

Blood xu with Yang
Pale

46
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Liver Yang rising from Yin deficiency?

A 
Throbbing headache – often manifesting in the Gall Bladder channel – temples, eyes or side of the head. 
Dizziness and blurred vision
Tinnitus or deafness 
Dry mouth and throat 
Irritability and outbursts of anger 
Insomnia 
Stiff neck

Yin xu with yang rising:
Dry eyes
Malar flush

47
Q

What is the tongue and pulse quality in Liver Yang rising from Yin deficiency?

A

T: Yin Xu with yang rising:
Red without coat.

P: Yin Xu with yang rising:
Wiry, floating and rapid

48
Q

What is the tongue and pulse quality in Liver Yang rising from Blood deficiency?

A

T: Blood xu with yang rising: Pale

P: Blood Xu with yang rising: Wiry and thready

49
Q

What is the treatment principle of Liver Yang rising from Yin deficiency?

A

Yin Xu with yang rising:

Subdue Liver Yang, nourish liver yin, clear empty heat

50
Q

What is the treatment principle of Liver Yang rising from Blood deficiency?

A

Blood xu with yang rising:

Subdue Liver yang, nourish liver blood.

51
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Extreme Heat generating Wind?

A 
High temperature 
Convulsions 
Rigidity of the neck 
Tremor of the limbs 
Opisthotonos (backward arching with muscle contracture)
Severe cases coma
52
Q

What is the tongue and pulse presentation in Extreme Heat generating Wind?

A

T: Deep red with a dry yellow coating, stiff body.

P: Wiry and rapid.

53
Q

What is the treatment principle of extreme heat generating Wind?

A

TP: Cool blood, nourish yin, extinguish wind

54
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Liver-Yang rising generating Wind?

A 
Tremor
Facial tic
Severe dizziness 
Headache 
Hypertension
Dry throat and eyes 
Blurred vision 
Numbness and tingling of limbs 
Poor memory

Night sweats if kidney yin xu
Insomnia if blood xu

55
Q

What is the tongue and pulse presentation of Liver-Yang rising generating Wind?

A

T: From yin xu – no coat
From blood xu – pale and thin.

P: Wiry and Fine

56
Q

What is the treatment principle of Liver-Yang rising generating Wind?

A

TP: Subdue liver yang, extinguish wind. Nourish liver yin.

57
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Liver-Fire generating Wind?

A 
Tremor
Irritability and anger 
Temporal headache 
Red face and eyes 
Thirst 
Bitter taste 
Constipation 
Dark yellow urine 
Sudden onset deafness or tinnitus 
Dream disturbed sleep
58
Q

What is the tongue and pulse presentation of Liver-Fire generating Wind?

A

T: Red with redder sides and dry yellow coating.

P: Wiry and rapid

59
Q

What is the treatment principle of Liver-Fire generating Wind?

A

TP: Clear the liver, drain fire, extinguish wind.

60
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Liver Blood deficiency generating Wind?

A 
Fine tremor 
Facial tic 
Dizziness 
Blurred vision
Numbness and tingling of limbs 
Poor memory 
Insomnia 
Scanty periods
61
Q

What is the tongue and pulse presentation of Liver Blood deficiency generating Wind?

A

T: Pale and thin

P: Wiry and fine

62
Q

What is the treatment principle of Liver Blood deficiency generating Wind?

A

TP: Subdue liver yang, extinguish wind, nourish liver blood.

63
Q

What are Liver tongue signs?

A

o Liver tongue signs: purple colour (stagnation), pointed shape (Liver involvement), deviation (Not a balanced tongue), and dark sublingual veins.

64
Q

What are Liver pulse signs?

A

o Liver pulse signs: Wiry pulse = qi stasis, choppy pulse = blood stasis.
o Superficial or full pulses.

65
Q

What are Liver palpation signs?

A

o Liver abdominal palpation: Tightness under the right rib indicates stasis of liver qi, tightness that is just under the left rib cage indicates the liver is invading the spleen. This area is often relates to more to stasis of liver blood than qi (Left to the umbilicus).

Assessment and Differentiation (25 decks)

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