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Assessment and Differentiation > External Pathogenic Factors > Flashcards

External Pathogenic Factors Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 pathogenic factors?

A
  1. Fire/Heat
  2. Damp
  3. Wind
  4. Cold
  5. Dryness
  6. Summer heat
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2
Q

What pathogenic factors are Yang?

A

Wind, Summer-Heat, Dryness and Fire are Yang, which tend to injure Yin.

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3
Q

What are the Yin pathogenic factors?

A

Cold and dampness are yin pathogenic factors which therefore tend to injure yang.

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4
Q

What is the seasonal relationship of the pathogenic factors?

A 
Wind = Spring (Liver)
Cold = Winter (Kidneys)
Summer-Heat = Summer (Heart)
Dampness = Late Summer (Spleen)
Dryness = Autumn (Lungs)
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5
Q

What is Wind?

A

Wind is Yang in nature and tends to injure blood and Yin.
Wind is often the vehicle where other pathogenic factors will invade the body.
Wind arises quickly and changes rapidly.

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6
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Wind?

A

Rapid onset
Rapid changes in signs and symptoms
Moves from place to place
Tremors, convulsions, stiffness or paralysis
Numbness / tingling
Affects the Lungs first (external) then the Liver (Internal)
Affects the skin and causes itching.

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7
Q

What does external wind do?

A

External wind invades the Lung’s defensive Qi portion causing exterior symptoms such as aversion to cold, fever, occipital stiffness, headache and a floating pulse.

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8
Q

What does external wind do the face?

A

Invades the channels of the face directly and causes deviation of mouth and eye-brows = facial paralysis

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9
Q

How does external wind affect the joints?

A

Exterior wind can invade any channel, in particular the Yang Channels and settle in the joints causing stiffness and pain of the joints.

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10
Q

What happens when wind invades the defensive Qi portion?

A

It penetrates via the skin and interferes with the circulation of defensive Qi in the space between the skin and the muscles.

Defensive Qi warms the muscles therefore when wind invades the person will feel chilly and has aversion to cold.

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11
Q

What does the invasion of Wind do to the lungs?

A

It invades the Lungs defensive Qi portion (sneezing, runny nose and itchy throat).

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12
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Wind Cold?

A 
Cough
Aversion to cold 
Slight breathlessness 
Fever
Itchy throat 
Blocked or runny nose with clear watery discharge 
Sneezing 
Occipital headache 
Body aches
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13
Q

What is the pulse and tongue in Wind Cold?

A

P: Floating tight
T: Thin white coat

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14
Q

What is the treatment principle in Wind Cold?

A

Treatment principle:

Release exterior, expel wind cold, support descending and dispersing

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15
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Wind Heat?

A 
Cough
Aversion to cold 
Slight breathlessness 
Fever 
Sore throat 
Blocked or runny nose with yellow discharge 
Sneezing 
Headache 
Body aches
Slight sweating 
Slight thirst 
Swollen tonsils
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16
Q

What is the pulse and tongue in Wind Heat?

A

P: Floating rapid
T: Slightly red on sides or front

17
Q

What is the treatment principle in Wind Heat?

A

Release exterior, expel wind heat, support descending and dispersing.

18
Q

What is Cold?

A

Cold is a yin pathogenic factor and tends to injure Yang.

19
Q

What does cold do to the body?

A 
Cold injures Yang 
Cold congeals blood 
Cold contracts 
Cold causes clear discharges
Cold pertains to the kidneys
20
Q

How does cold congeal blood?

A

Cold congeals blood and is a major cause of blood stasis. When blood stagnates there is intense pain, when the stasis comes from cold there is chillness, aggravated by cold and alleviated by the application of heat.

21
Q

What kind of discharge comes from Cold?

A

Thin, watery and clear fluid discharges.

Clear white discharge from the nose, very pale urine, watery loose stools and clear watery vaginal discharges.

22
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of cold?

A 
Feeling cold
Cold limbs 
Thin clear discharges 
Pain (spastic or crampy nature)
Aggravation from cold and alleviation by warmth
Desire for warm drinks 
No thirst 
White complexion 
White tongue coating 
Pale tongue body 
Slow pulse
23
Q

What are the manifestations of Cold?

A

Invasion of the Muscles and sinews by cold
Invasion of cold in the Lung’s defensive Qi portion (sweating, runny nose, itchy throat, occipital headache)
Invasion of channels and joints by cold (Painful obstruction syndrome)
Invasion of cold in the stomach, intestines and uterus

24
Q

What is Summer-Heat?

A

Summer-Heat is a yang pathogenic factor and tends to injure Yin.

25
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Summer-Heat?

A 
Fever
Aversion to Cold 
Sweating 
Headache 
A feeling of heaviness 
An uncomfortable sensation in the epigastrium 
Irritability 
Thirst 
Tongue red at the front or sides with a white sticky coating 
Soggy and rapid pulse
26
Q

What part of the body does Summer-Heat invade?

A

Summer-Heat invades the defensive Qi portion of the body which causes aversion to cold.

27
Q

What are the characteristics of Summer-Heat?

A 
Summer-Heat injures Yin
Summer-Heat is a seasonal pathogenic factor 
Summer-Heat invades the top of the body 
Summer-Heat is scattering 
Summer-Heat has some interior Heat 
Summer-Heat harbours Dampness
28
Q

What is Dampness?

A

Dampness is a Yin pathogenic factor and it tends to injure Yang.
Dampness is sticky, difficult to get rid of, heavy, slows things down, infuses downwards and causes repeated attacks.

29
Q

What are the general manifestations of Dampness?

A 
Feeling of heaviness 
Poor appetite 
Feeling of fullness 
Sticky taste 
Urinary difficulty 
Vaginal discharge 
Sticky tongue coating 
Slippery or soggy pulse
30
Q

What are the manifestations of Dampness?

A

Feelings of heaviness and muzziness
Sticky taste, poor appetite
Fullness of the epigastrium, fullness after eating
Loose stools
Turbid urine, difficult painful urination
Swollen, painful joints
Numbness
Genital eczema, genital itching
Vaginal discharge, painful periods, infertility
Greasy sweat
Vesicles, papules, oozing skin lesions
Mouth ulcers and swollen lips
Red swollen eyelids, eyes oozing fluid, stye

31
Q

What is dryness?

A

Dryness is a Yang pathogenic factor, it tends to injure blood or yin. It is related to the season of autumn and the lungs.

32
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of dryness?

A 
Dry throat 
Dry lips
Dry tongue 
Dry mouth
Dry skin
Dry stools 
Scanty urination
33
Q

What is Fire?

A

Fire is primarily an internal pathogenic factor.

34
Q

What is the nature of fire?

A 
Rise to the head 
Dry fluids 
Injure blood and yin
Cause bleeding 
Affect the Mind
35
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Fire?

A 
Fire is drying 
Fire damages blood and yin
Fire causes bleeding 
Fire has the potential to general Wind
Fire affects the Mind 
Fire causes ulcers with swelling

Assessment and Differentiation (25 decks)

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