Liver

Question 1

What are the structural components of the liver?

Answer 1

1. parenchyma 2. stroma 3. sinusoids 4. peisinusoidal spaces (space of disse

Question 2

What is the parenchyma of the liver?

Answer 2

one cell layer thick of hepatocytes

Question 3

What is the stroma of the liver?

Answer 3

CT with vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and bile duct.

Question 4

What are the sinusoids of the liver?

Answer 4

Capillaries that run in between plates

Question 5

What are the perisinusoidal spaces (Space of Disse)?

Answer 5

Space that lie in between the sinusoidal epithelium and the hepatocytes

Question 6

What is the “classic lobule”?

Answer 6

Hexagonal stack of parenchyma, separated by sinusoids. Outer border is formed by portal canals

Question 7

What is the center of the classic lobule?

Answer 7

the central vein

Question 8

What are the portal canals?

Answer 8

Stroma that contain the portal triad, located around the border of the hexagonal lobule.

Question 9

What is a portal lobule?

Answer 9

Lobule formed around the interlobular bile duct of the portal triad of the classic lobule.

Question 10

What forms the outer margins of the portal lobule?

Answer 10

1. Imaginary lines drawn between 3 different central veins, closest to that portal triad.

Question 11

The portal lobule includes how many classic lobules?

Answer 11

contain triangular pieces of the 3 classic lobules.

Question 12

What is the acinus of liver?

Answer 12

smaller functional unit of the lobule. triangular in shape and formed by the central vein and two portal canals

Question 13

What forms the acinus of the liver?

Answer 13

Central vein and two portal canals.

Question 14

What are the zones of the acinus?

Answer 14

Zone 1: closest to blood supply (portal canal) Zone 2: in middle. Zone 3: farthest from blood supply, neat central vein

Question 15

Describe the structure/visualization of a hepatocyte.

Answer 15

1. large, polygonal with central nucleus. 2. Binucleate, with heterochromatin clumps. 3. Two nuclei.

Question 16

What is the cytoplasm of hepatocytes like?

Answer 16

1. pink (acidophilic) 2. glycogen with PAS 3. Lipid droplets and numerous peroxisomes.

Question 17

What is the structure of hepatic sinusoids?

Answer 17

discontinuous endothelium. Lacking basal lamina and contain large fenestrae

Question 18

What are Kupffer cells?

Answer 18

Mononuclear phagocytes in the sinusoidal endothelium

Question 19

How can you identify Kupffer cells?

Answer 19

Use hemodierosis/hemochromatosis, they will appear with iron deposits.

Question 20

Is there a true barrier to the Space of Disse? Why or why not?

Answer 20

No true barrier as there is an incomplete basal lamina with large fenestrae.

Question 21

Where are space of Disse located?

Answer 21

Between sinusoidal endothelium and the hepatocytes.

Question 22

What are Ito cells?

Answer 22

hepatic stellate cells

Question 23

What are hepatic stellate cells (ito cells)?

Answer 23

Vit A storage site, with ability to differentiate into myofibroblasts and cause fibrogenesis in disease.

Question 24

What is the biliary tree?

Answer 24

system of channels for bile

Question 25

Cholangiocytes?

Answer 25

1. contained in biliary tree 2. Cuboidal epithelial cells lining the channels. 3. Complete basal lamina with tight junctions. 4. Apical microvilli and one sensory cilium.

Question 26

What is the bile cannaliculus?

Answer 26

Structure formed by grooves in the surface of adjacent hepatocytes.

Question 27

Canal of Hering?

Answer 27

Formed by hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. In the biliary tree

Question 28

Bile ductule structure.

Answer 28

Formed entirely of cholangiocytes.

Question 29

What is the gallbladder mucosa consist of?

Answer 29

simple columnar epithelium, with apical microvilli and tight junctions.

Question 30

What does the gallbladder's lamina propria resemble?

Answer 30

fenestrated capillaries with high # of lymphocytes, mucous secreting glands but no lymphatic vessels.

Question 31

Describe the muscularis mucosae of the gallbladder.

Answer 31

Trick, there is not a muscularis mucosae.

Question 32

What is the structure of the muscularis externa of the gallbladder?

Answer 32

randomly orientated smooth muscles that contract to empty into cystic duct.

Question 33

Describe the structure of the adventitia of the gallbladder.

Answer 33

1. Adventitia: describes side attached to liver. 2. Serosa: describes the free edge. 3. Dense CT with lymph, and autonomic nerves

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

What is this structure?

Answer 35

Note the lack of muscularis mucosa and the submucosa layer.

Question 36

Answer 36

Question 37

Answer 37

Question 38

What is this a structure of?

Answer 38

Biliary Tree

Question 39

What do E, and K represent on the slide?

Answer 39

K= kupffer cells E= endothelial cells

Question 40

What is this an overall image of, and in what direction should blood flow?

Answer 40

Liver acinus, flows from zone 1---\>3

Question 41

What are each of the letters?

Answer 41

H= hepatocytes PV= portal vein L= lymphatics A= hepatic arteriole B= bile duct S= sinusoids???