Liver Flashcards
What are the structural components of the liver?
- parenchyma 2. stroma 3. sinusoids 4. peisinusoidal spaces (space of disse
What is the parenchyma of the liver?
one cell layer thick of hepatocytes
What is the stroma of the liver?
CT with vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and bile duct.
What are the sinusoids of the liver?
Capillaries that run in between plates
What are the perisinusoidal spaces (Space of Disse)?
Space that lie in between the sinusoidal epithelium and the hepatocytes
What is the “classic lobule”?
Hexagonal stack of parenchyma, separated by sinusoids. Outer border is formed by portal canals
What is the center of the classic lobule?
the central vein
What are the portal canals?
Stroma that contain the portal triad, located around the border of the hexagonal lobule.
What is a portal lobule?
Lobule formed around the interlobular bile duct of the portal triad of the classic lobule.
What forms the outer margins of the portal lobule?
- Imaginary lines drawn between 3 different central veins, closest to that portal triad.
The portal lobule includes how many classic lobules?
contain triangular pieces of the 3 classic lobules.
What is the acinus of liver?
smaller functional unit of the lobule. triangular in shape and formed by the central vein and two portal canals
What forms the acinus of the liver?
Central vein and two portal canals.
What are the zones of the acinus?
Zone 1: closest to blood supply (portal canal) Zone 2: in middle. Zone 3: farthest from blood supply, neat central vein
Describe the structure/visualization of a hepatocyte.
- large, polygonal with central nucleus. 2. Binucleate, with heterochromatin clumps. 3. Two nuclei.
What is the cytoplasm of hepatocytes like?
- pink (acidophilic) 2. glycogen with PAS 3. Lipid droplets and numerous peroxisomes.
What is the structure of hepatic sinusoids?
discontinuous endothelium. Lacking basal lamina and contain large fenestrae
What are Kupffer cells?
Mononuclear phagocytes in the sinusoidal endothelium
How can you identify Kupffer cells?
Use hemodierosis/hemochromatosis, they will appear with iron deposits.
Is there a true barrier to the Space of Disse? Why or why not?
No true barrier as there is an incomplete basal lamina with large fenestrae.
Where are space of Disse located?
Between sinusoidal endothelium and the hepatocytes.
What are Ito cells?
hepatic stellate cells
What are hepatic stellate cells (ito cells)?
Vit A storage site, with ability to differentiate into myofibroblasts and cause fibrogenesis in disease.
What is the biliary tree?
system of channels for bile
Cholangiocytes?
- contained in biliary tree 2. Cuboidal epithelial cells lining the channels. 3. Complete basal lamina with tight junctions. 4. Apical microvilli and one sensory cilium.
What is the bile cannaliculus?
Structure formed by grooves in the surface of adjacent hepatocytes.
Canal of Hering?
Formed by hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. In the biliary tree
Bile ductule structure.
Formed entirely of cholangiocytes.
What is the gallbladder mucosa consist of?
simple columnar epithelium, with apical microvilli and tight junctions.
What does the gallbladder’s lamina propria resemble?
fenestrated capillaries with high # of lymphocytes, mucous secreting glands but no lymphatic vessels.
Describe the muscularis mucosae of the gallbladder.
Trick, there is not a muscularis mucosae.
What is the structure of the muscularis externa of the gallbladder?
randomly orientated smooth muscles that contract to empty into cystic duct.
Describe the structure of the adventitia of the gallbladder.
- Adventitia: describes side attached to liver. 2. Serosa: describes the free edge. 3. Dense CT with lymph, and autonomic nerves
What is this structure?
Note the lack of muscularis mucosa and the submucosa layer.
What is this a structure of?
Biliary Tree
What do E, and K represent on the slide?
K= kupffer cells
E= endothelial cells
What is this an overall image of, and in what direction should blood flow?
Liver acinus, flows from zone 1—>3
What are each of the letters?
H= hepatocytes
PV= portal vein
L= lymphatics
A= hepatic arteriole
B= bile duct
S= sinusoids???
