Digestive glands and Liver

Question 1

What is the major component that helps form the pancreas?

Answer 1

-loose CT with blood vessel, lymph, nerve, excretory duct to the duodenum

Question 2

What are the four ducts that leave the pancreas?

Answer 2

Duct of Wirsung

• Duct of Santorini
• Interlobular duct
• Intercalated ducts

Question 3

What do the interlobular ducts of the pancreas look like?

Answer 3

-simple columnar epithelium with gobleet cells

Question 4

What secretions come from the intercalated duct of the pancreas?

Answer 4

• secrete water and bicarbonate in response to secretin.

- contain low cuboidal cells

Question 5

Where are the centroacinar cells found in the pancreas?

Answer 5

-in the pancreatic acinus

Question 6

What type of gland are the acini of the pancreas?

Answer 6

• pyramidal serous cells that secrete zymogen granules and give rise to precursors of trypsin, chymotrypsin, amyalse, lipase
• responds to cholecystokinin

Question 7

What are centroacinar cells?

Answer 7

truncated cuboidal epithelium in the lumen of acini that is continuous wit intercalated cells of the epithelium

Question 8

What area of the acinar cells allows for the synthesis of zymogens?

Answer 8

-RER of duodenal enteroendocrine cells

Question 9

What does the pancreas look like histologically?

Answer 9

lobulated, compound, tubulo-alveolar gland with exocrine and endocrine secretions

Question 10

The islets of langerhans are the pancreatic islets that consist of what cells?

Answer 10

alpha (A) cells: form glucagon

Beta (B) cells: form insulin

Delta (D) cells: form somatostatin to regulate insulin and glucagon

Question 11

What do the alpha and beta cells look like in the islets of the pancreas?

Answer 11

• alpha cells are fine granules

- beta cells are coarse granules

Question 12

How are the islets of the pancreas stained?

Answer 12

-immunochemical staining that is specific to staining insulin bright red.

Question 13

What are the space of disse in the liver?

Answer 13

• separates the hepatic cells form endothelial cells

- active transfer between blood and parenchyma

Question 14

What type of tissue of the liver is arranged around the central vein?

Answer 14

epithelial parenchyma forms an irregular arrangement of plates arranged as cords

Question 15

What helps drain into the lymphatics?

Answer 15

Space of Mall is continuous with the space of disse, and connects to the lymphatics

Question 16

At what point does Glisson’s thin capsule not cover with FECT?

Answer 16

the diaphragmatic attachment.

Question 17

What components does the hepatic lobule (classic) contain?

Answer 17

• consists of a hexagonal lobule with 1 central venule, and the angled edge contain parts of the portal triad

Question 18

What is the best way to identify the portal lobule of the liver?

Answer 18

• these lobules contain a bile canaliculi which drains into the same bile duct. (center of lobule)
• the edges of the lobule are formed by the central vein of 3 classic lobules

Question 19

How is the best way to histologically identify the liver acinus?

Answer 19

• the branch that receives blood from hepatic arteries and conducts to opposite central veins.
• arterial flow establishes metabolic gradients from zone 1 to zone 3

Question 20

Zone 3 hepatocytes which are closely associated with the venules are most susceptible to what?

Answer 20

• ischemia, and damage as they have the highest level of detoxification and lowest amount of oxygen available to them.

Question 21

What components form the portal triad?

Answer 21

hepatic artery

portal vein (venule)

bile duct

Question 22

What does the basolateral domain of the hepatocyte contain and what do they contribute to?

Answer 22

• microvilli
• oriented towards space of disse
• help with absorption from blood and secretion of plasma proteins

Question 23

What type of lining forms the hepatic sinusoids?

Answer 23

• fenestrated endothelial cells with a discontinuous basal lamina

Question 24

The perisinusoidal cells located in the space of Disse and contribute to cirrhosis, contain what?

Answer 24

• store Vit A
• produce collagen and other components

-stimulate cytokines and kupffer cells and myofibroblasts to produce collagen 1

Question 25

What is significant about the subendothelial space of Disse?

Answer 25

• contains interstitial fluid that drains into space of mall and into the lymphatics

Question 26

The bile canaliculus is not truly its own space but rather invaginations on the extracellular surface of the hepatocytes

Answer 26

Use of canal of hering to carry bile to bile ductule.