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Histology > 4: Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

4: Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different polarities in epithelium?

A
  • apical surface (free facing)
  • basolateral: the sides of opposite of apical surface.
  • lateral: the sides
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2
Q

The Germ Layers are?

A
  • ectoderm: skin and glands of epidermis
  • endoderm: GI tract lining and glands
  • mesoderm: bowman’s capsule, blood vessel linings, mesothelium.
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3
Q

What makes up the basement membrane?

A
  • reticular lamina: underlying connective tissue.

- basal lamina: next to epithelial.

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4
Q

Basal lamina

A
  • consist of collagen IV, glycoprotein, and PAS+.

- essential for differentiation during embryogenesis

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5
Q

Reticular lamina

A

-form from glycoprotein, argyrophilic fiber (able to be stained with silver)

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6
Q

What is the basement membrane used for?

A
  • barrier
  • platform for embryogenesis/regeneration.
  • stabilize tissue shapes.
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7
Q

What is Epithelial tissue?

A

Forms part of excretory and secretory glands, while lining cavities and surfaces of the body, and is therefore innervated.

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8
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

-major role in protection that lines tubular and are good at diffusion and filtration.

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9
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A
  • Lines ovary, kidney tubules.

- Contains a brush border (microvilli), known to form large tubule structures.

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10
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A
  • Column in shape.
  • Excretion and secretion
  • ciliated: located in uterin tube, Upper Resp. tract sinus.
  • non-ciliated: gallbladder, excretory duct glands.
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11
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A
  • heavy keratinization in epidermis with CT papillae. Cornea (no nucleus)
  • light keratinization: esophagus, vaginal lining, tongue. (presence of nucleus)
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12
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelia

A
  • male urethra, anal mucosa

- rare to find

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13
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A
  • pharynx, sweat gland duct, epiglottis.

- rare

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14
Q

Psuedostratified Epithelium

A

-appears that not every cell is in contact with BM, when it actually is.

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15
Q

Laminin

A
  • major component for basal lamina.
  • alpha, beta, gamma strands
  • binds integrin, collagen IV, enactin, proteoglycans.
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16
Q

Fibronectin

A
  • bind with heparin, integrin, collagen, fibrin
  • Cellular: produces fibroblasts, ECM.
  • Plasma: hepatocytes secrete into blood stream
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17
Q

Describe major CAMs

A
  • cadherins (Ca dependent)
  • selectins (Ca dependent)
  • integrins (Ca independent)
  • immunoglobulin superfamily molecules (Ca independent)
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18
Q

What are the epithelial tissue structure?

A
  • no blood vessel
  • display apical surface
  • small intercellular matrix
19
Q

What are the groups of cadherins?

A
  • classical

- non classical

20
Q

Classical cadherins are made up of?

A
  • Epithelial cells ( have HVA binding site.)
  • Nerve cells
  • Placental tissue
21
Q

What are groupings within selectin CAMs?

A
  • Platelet
  • Endothelial
  • Leukocytes
22
Q

Describe what an Integrin is. (units, binding sequence…)

A
  • glycoprotein involved with ECM interactions
  • alpha subunit: disulfide bonds of two chains.
  • beta subunit: has cysteine rich areas for binding with actin.
  • Binding site: RGD
23
Q

Where can lightly-keratinized squamous epithelium be found?

A

Vaginal Epithelium

24
Q

Not common stratified cuboidal epithelium may be found where?

A

male urethra

anal mucose

25
Q

What are urothelium?

A

transitional eipthelium of the urinary tract

26
Q

What role does catenin play in cadherins?

A

1) Directly link to filamentous actin. 2)interact w/ regulatory molec. of actin cytoskeleton. 3) control adhesive state

27
Q

What are selectins used for and describe this process.

A

movement of leukocytes towards tissue. Tissue signals for help, by activating the selectin w/ Ca. Slows the leukocyte as carbohydrate ligands bind to activated selectins. The leukocyte migrates out of blood stream.

28
Q

Where are immunoglobulin superfamily members from?

A

mRNA.

play important role of homing process, during inflammation.

29
Q

What forms an Integrin?

A

1)binding of alpha/beta subunits. 2) transmembrane units that connect to actin via complexes. 3) RGD aa sequence on B-unit connects actin to the fibronectin/laminin.

30
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

Anchor basal domain to the basal lamina. Increase stability by linking intermediate filaments with basal lamina, by integrins.

31
Q

What is a gap junction, and its characteristics?

A

used for rapid ion exchange, communication of cells. Utilize a cylinder of 6 connexin molecules. (i.e. cardiac cells for rapid electrical relay)

32
Q

What is the result of a improper E-cadheren?

A

1) Indicates metastisis. 2) loss of cell-to-cell adhesion.

33
Q

Zonula Adherens

A

1) found below tight junctions. 2) Use cadherens to interact with catenins.

34
Q

Macula Adherens

A

1) provide rigidity to cell. 2) separated by wide intercellular space. 3) form cell-cell bond with cadherens.

35
Q

Integrins

A

1) directly interact w/ laminin and fibronectin.

36
Q

PAS positive structures

A

1)basement membrane. 2) collagens. 3)glycocalyx. 4) glycoprotein hormones.

37
Q

What proteins interact with cadherins and actin?

A
  1. alpha actinin
  2. vinculin
  3. formin-1
  4. catenins: alpha, beta, p120
38
Q

Proteins involved with integrin binding to actin?

A
  1. talin
  2. vinculin.
  3. kindlin
  4. alpha-actinin
  5. IPP complex
39
Q

Microtubule inhibiting factors are?

A
  1. colchicines
  2. colcemid
  3. vincristine
  4. cinblastin
  5. all inhibit tubulin dimer formation
40
Q

Taxol

A

-microtubule stabilizing factor

41
Q

intermediatte filaments

A
  • provide cytoplasmic network.

- type I, II, III, IV, V

42
Q

Type I Int fil.

A

I and II are acid and basic int. filaments.

43
Q

Type III int. fila.

A
  • self assembling
  • Peripherin
  • Vimentin
  • Glial fibrillary
  • Desmin

Histology (19 decks)

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