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1. CC 1 Midterms > Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins (TOPIC 1) > Flashcards

Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins (TOPIC 1) Flashcards

1
Q

are spherical shape which transports lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides.

A

Lipoproteins

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2
Q

Composed of lipids and protein (apolipoproteins).

A

Lipoproteins

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3
Q

are found on the surface of the lipoproteins.

A

Apolipoproteins

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4
Q

Functions are maintenance of structural integrity, binds to cell receptor and activators or inhibitors of enzymes.

A

Apolipoproteins

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5
Q

Types of lipoproteins

A

ULDL- Chylomicrons
VLDL
IDL
LDL
HDL

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6
Q

Largest lipoprotein, produced in the intestinal mucosal cells.

A

CHYLOMICRONS

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7
Q

Composition: 80-90 % triglycerides (majority)

A

CHYLOMICRONS

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8
Q

Transports exogenous (dietary lipids) to liver and peripheral cells such as adipose tissue.

A

CHYLOMICRONS

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8
Q

Forms a milky or creamy layer at the top of the plasma. (lipemic).

A

CHYLOMICRONS

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9
Q

Contain lipase which hydrolysed cholesterol and triglycerides resulting to formation of chylomicron remnants which uptake by the liver.

A

CHYLOMICRONS

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10
Q

Lowest density and no electrophoretic mobility.

A

CHYLOMICRONS

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11
Q

Lipemic sample means high amount of chylomicrons and triglycerides.

A

CHYLOMICRONS

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12
Q

Pre beta lipoprotein.

A

VLDL(Very low density lipoprotein)

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13
Q

Composition: 45-65 % triglycerides.

A

VLDL(Very low density lipoprotein)

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14
Q

Triglyceride composition of Chylomicrons

A

Composition: 80-90 % triglycerides (majority)

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15
Q

Triglyceride composition of VLDL(Very low density lipoprotein)

A

Composition: 45-65 % triglycerides.

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16
Q

Apolipoproteins of VLDL

A

apo B-100, C-I, C-II, C-III and E.

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16
Q

Synthesized from chylomicron remnant

A

VLDL(Very low density lipoprotein)

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17
Q

Apolipoprotein of chylomicrons

A

apo B-48

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18
Q

Transports endogenous triglycerides from hepatic to peripheral tissues.

A

VLDL(Very low density lipoprotein)

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19
Q

deposits fats to the adipose tissue eventually degraded by lipoprotein lipase resulting decrease in size.

A

VLDL(Very low density lipoprotein)

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20
Q

Intermediate between VLDL and LDL.

A

IDL(intermediate density lipoprotein)

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21
Q

Partly depleted triglyceride.

A

IDL(intermediate density lipoprotein)

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22
Q

interacts with HDL giving off most of its TAG content in exchange of cholesterol resulting to formation of LDL.

A

IDL(intermediate density lipoprotein)

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23
Q

Composition: 45-50 % cholesterol.

A

LDL(low density lipoprotein)

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24
Q

LDL(low density lipoprotein)
cholesterol composition

A

Composition: 45-50 % cholesterol.

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25
Q

apolipoprotein of LDL

A

B-100

26
Q

“Bad cholesterol” by transporting cholesterol from liver to tissues. Used as a marker for coronary artery disease.

A

LDL(low density lipoprotein)

27
Q

Beta lipoprotein, follow the mobility of

A

beta globulin.

28
Q

Composition: 15-20 % cholesterol and 45-55 % proteins.

A

HDL(high density lipoprotein)

29
Q

HDL cholesterol and protein composition

A

15-20% cholesterol
45-55% proteins

29
Q

Produce by liver and intestines.

A

HDL(high density lipoprotein)

29
Q

“Good cholesterol” because it acts as “scavenger of lipids”,

A

HDL(high density lipoprotein)

29
Q

Apolipoprotein of HDL

A

apo A-I
apo A-II
apoC

30
Q

transport cholesterol from tissues to liver for catabolism to form bile acids. (reverse cholesterol transport).

A

HDL(high density lipoprotein)

30
Q

Alpha lipoprotein, follow mobility of

A

alpha globulin

31
Q

Fastest migrating lipoprotein.

A

Alpha lipoprotein

31
Q

transporting cholesterol from liver to peripheral tissues such as adrenal gland, gonads, and blood vessels.

A

LDL

32
Q

transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to liver for recycling

A

HDL

33
Q

Also known as the “sinking beta lipoprotein”.

A

Abnormal lipoprotein

34
Q

Same with LDL except in density and mobility.

A

Abnormal lipoprotein

35
Q

Associated with increase risk of coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease.

A

Abnormal lipoprotein

35
Q

Apolipoprotein of Abnormal Lipoprotein

A

apo (a) bound to apo B-100 by disulfide bonds

36
Q

Floating beta lipoprotein.

A

Beta VLDL

37
Q

Contains higher cholesterol than triglycerides.
Found in VLDL density range, electropheritically found in LDL.

A

Beta VLDL

37
Q

Seen in type III hyperlipoproteinemia.

A

Beta VLDL

37
Q

Homologous with plasminogen which interfere with clot lysis.

A

Abnormal lipoprotein

38
Q

Composed mainly by unesterified cholesterol and phospholipids.

A

LpX

38
Q

Migrates towards the cathode in electrophoresis.

A

LpX

39
Q

Found in patient obstructive biliary disease.

A

LpX

40
Q

Separation of lipoproteins

A

Ultracentrifugation
Electrophoresis

41
Q

Separation is based on net charges.

A

Serum Electrophoresis

42
Q

Lipoproteins are run in gel , electric current in apply to facilitate migration along the surface of gel. Stain is applied to visualize the band formation.

A

Serum Electrophoresis

43
Q

Stain/dye for Serum Electrophoresis

A

Fat Red 7B,
Sudan Black B,
Oil Red O

44
Q

Lipoprotein migration pattern in Electropheresis

HDL
VLDL
LDL
Chylomicrons

A

Alpha region
Pre-beta region
Beta region
Does not migrate

45
Q

Other techniques of Separation of plasma proteins

A

Chromatographic technique
Standing plasma test/plasma appearance test-
Immunochemical methods-

46
Q

use of antibody to specific apolipoproteins.

A

Immunochemical methods-

47
Q

stand EDTA blood for 10-18 hours in dark refrigerator

A

Standing plasma test/plasma appearance test-

48
Q

found on the surface of the lipoproteins.

A

Apolipoproteins

49
Q

Functions
structural integrity
binds to cell receptor
activators or inhibitors of lipoprotein associated enzymes.

A

Apolipoproteins

50
Q

catalyses the transfer of excess cellular cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver to be catabolized to bile this process is known as Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT).

A

Lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT)-

51
Q

catalyses the metabolism of serum triglycerides by hydrolysis in chylomicrons and VLDL into FFA and glycerol for energy production or storage.

A

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-

52
Q

Types of
Apolipoprotein A
(major protein of HDL)

A

A1 – activates LCAT(Lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase)
A2 – inhibits L-CAT

53
Q

Types of
Lipoprotein Little A Antigen

A

occurs in variant forms of LDL known as “sinking pre-beta lipoprotein”

53
Q

Types of
Apolipoprotein E
found in chylomicrons, VLDL, HDL and LDL

A

Increase the hepatic uptake of lipoproteins due to LDL receptor.

Involves in the metabolism of chylomicron remnant and VLDL

E2 – associated with dysbetalipoproteinemia
(ApoE2/E2 homozygosity
genotype)
E4- associated with Alzheimer’s disease

53
Q

Types of
Apolipoprotein C
(mostly found in chylomicrons, VLDL and HDL)

A

C1 – activates L-CAT
C2 – LPL (lipoprotein lipase enzyme) activators, inhibits binding of VLDL and chylomicron to hepatic receptor
C3 – inhibits LPL (lipoprotein lipase)

54
Q

Types of
Apolipoprotein B
(major content of VLDL and chylomicrons)

A

B100 – found in VLDL, synthesized in the liver.
B48 – found in chylomicrons and in patient with defects in chylomicron clearance. Synthesized in the intestine (enterocytes).

1. CC 1 Midterms (14 decks)

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