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CC 1 Midterms > Lipids and Lipids Metabolism (TOPIC 1) > Flashcards

Lipids and Lipids Metabolism (TOPIC 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Also known as Fats.

A

Lipids

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2
Q

Lipids or Fats contain?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen (CHO).

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3
Q

Water insoluble hence they are transported in the blood by lipoproteins.

A

Lipids

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4
Q

1 gram of fat=

A

9 kilocalories.

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5
Q

Rich source of energy compared to carbohydrates.

A

Lipids

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6
Q

Forms the structural membrane of the cells (phospholipid bilayer).

A

Lipids

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7
Q

Precursors of hormone production (steroid hormones).

A

Lipids

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8
Q

Types of lipids

A

Fatty acids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Cholesterol

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9
Q

The building blocks of lipids.

A

Fatty acids

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10
Q

Consist of hydrocarbons with COOH (carboxyl) terminal group.

A

Fatty acids

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11
Q

Found in triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids.

A

Fatty acids

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12
Q

Fatty Acids exist in 2 forms in the blood

A

Fatty Acid Esters
Free Fatty Acids

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13
Q

bound to triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids.

A

Fatty acid esters (majority)-

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14
Q

not bound to any molecule and transported by albumin.

A

Free fatty acids (unesterified)-

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15
Q

Types of fatty acids

A

Saturated fatty acids-
Unsaturated fatty acids-

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16
Q

fatty acids with NO double bond. Linear hydrocarbon chain.

A

Saturated fatty acids-

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17
Q

fatty acid with double bond. Bent hydrocarbon chains.

A

Unsaturated fatty acids-

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18
Q

hydrogen at the same side of C=C bond

A

Cis form-

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19
Q

means the maximum number of hydrogen atoms are bonded to each carbon atom in a molecule of fat.

A

Saturated

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20
Q

Solid state at room temperature.

A

Saturated fatty acids

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21
Q

Found in animal fat such as milk, meat and butter others are vegetable oil and coconut oil.

A

Saturated fatty acids

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21
Q

High melting point and higher shelf-life.

A

Saturated fatty acids

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22
Q

Synthesized in the body.

A

Saturated fatty acids

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23
Q

Examples of Saturated fatty acids

A

Stearic Acid
Palmitic Acid
Capric Acid
Lauric Acid

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24
Q

Lower melting point thus liquid at room temperature.

A

Unsaturated fatty acids

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25
Q

Low shelf life. Not ideal for long storage.

A

Unsaturated fatty acids

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26
Q

Mostly plant sources like vegetable oil, sunflower oil, mustard oil, avocado oil.

A

Unsaturated fatty acids

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27
Q

Examples of Unsaturated fatty acids

A

Linoleic Acid
Oleic Acid

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28
Q

Types of unsaturated fatty acids

A

Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated

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29
Q

1 double bond only in their structure.

A

Monounsaturated

30
Q

contains more than 1 double bond in their structure

A

Polyunsaturated

31
Q

Example of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

A

Omega 3 fatty acids
Omega 6 fatty acids

32
Q

converting of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids by addition of hydrogen hence straightening the hydrocarbon chain

A

Hydrogenation

33
Q

Product of Hydrogenation of fatty acids

34
Q

The worst type of fat because it raises the bad cholesterol since no enzyme from the body can metabolized it.

35
Q

hydrogen on the opposite side of C=C. more linear compared to cis unsaturated fatty acids.

36
Q

FATTY ACIDS according to number of carbon

Short Chain
Medium Chain
Long Chain
Prostaglandins

A

2-4 carbon atoms
6-10 carbons
12-16 carbons- found in diet
Prostaglandins - participate in inflammation and coagulation

37
Q

Consist of 3 fatty acids attached to 1 glycerol by ester bonds.

A

Triglycerides (triacylglycerol)

38
Q

Main storage form of lipids found in adipose tissue.

A

Triglycerides (triacylglycerol)

39
Q

exist as oils (unsaturated)

A

Vegetable source

40
Q

solid at room temperature (saturated)

A

Animal source

41
Q

no charges

A

Neutral fats-

42
Q

source of energy, structural membrane of the cells, insulation and shock absorber.

A

Triglycerides (triacylglycerol)

43
Q

Similar with triglycerides structure except only 2 fatty acids are attached to the glycerol and attached phosphate group serves a head of the molecule.

A

Phospholipids

44
Q

Most abundant lipids in the body.

A

Phospholipids

45
Q

It forms a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail thereby attracting both water and fat.

A

Amphipathic-

46
Q

Composed the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane.

A

Phospholipids

47
Q

Types of phospholipid

A

Lecithin (phosphatidyl choline)
Sphingomyelin
Cephaline

48
Q

important in the transport of fats in the plasma, brain and general cell structure

A

Lecithin (phosphatidyl choline)

49
Q

found mostly in brain and nerve tissue.
Maintain cell membrane structure.

A

Sphingomyelin

50
Q

comprises 10% of phospholipids.
phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine.

51
Q

Consist of 4 rings (A,B,C and D), unsaturated steroid alcohol.

A

Cholesterols

52
Q

Not a source of energy since it is not already catabolized by cells.

A

Cholesterols

53
Q

Majority of cholesterol are synthesized by the

54
Q

most abundant, consist of a cholesterol ring and fatty acids.

A

Cholesterol esters/esterified cholesterol-

55
Q

Type of cholesterol with no fatty acids attached.

A

Free cholesterol/unesterified

56
Q

Integral parts of the cell membrane (present in the lipid bilayer).

A

cholesterol

57
Q

Begins at the small intestine through the action of enzymes and hormones.

A

Lipid metabolism

57
Q

In the liver it forms into bile acids such as cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid that helps in the absorption of fats in the intestine ( fat emulsification).

A

cholesterol

58
Q

Precursor for steroid hormones such as adrenal hormones, testosterone and progesterone

A

cholesterol

59
Q

Precursor of vitamin D which facilitates the absorption of calcium (7-dehydroxycholesterol-Vit D3).

A

cholesterol

60
Q

Lipid metabolism

A

Lipolysis
Lipogenesis
Ketogenesis

61
Q

secreted by the intestine to stimulate lipases and bile.

A

Cholecystokinin(CCK)

62
Q

emulsify fats. Secreted from the gall bladder.

A

Bile acids-

63
Q

breaks down triglycerides to fatty acids then to monoglycerides.

A

Pancreatic lipase-

64
Q

(breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids)

65
Q

(glucose conversion to fatty acids)

A

Lipogenesis

66
Q

Occurs in the liver cells, adipose cells and lactating mammary glands.

A

Lipogenesis

67
Q

(production of ketones)

A

Ketogenesis

68
Q

primary ketone body in the blood.

A

β-hydroxybutyrate

69
Q

serve as alternative source of energy of the brain.

70
Q

produced in times of low dietary intake of glucose such prolong fasting and starving (physiological).

71
Q

Excessive production of ketones are broken down into

A

CO2
Acetone

CC 1 Midterms (14 decks)

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