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CC 1 Midterms > Lipid Disorders (Dyslipidemia) (TOPIC 1) > Flashcards

Lipid Disorders (Dyslipidemia) (TOPIC 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Elevated lipoproteins in the blood particularly LDL and VLDL

A

Hyperlipoproteinemia

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2
Q

Low level of lipoproteins

A

Hypolipoproteinemia

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3
Q

Hyperlipoproteinemia that is high in triglycerides

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

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4
Q

Hyperlipoproteinemia that is high in cholesterol

A

Hypercholesterolemia

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5
Q

Types of Hypolipopretinemia

A

Hypoalphalipoproteinemia
Hypobetalipoproteinemia

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6
Q

Causes of Lipid Disorders

A

Primiary/famiial
Secondary/acquired

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7
Q

due to genetic mutation, identified according to FREDRICKSON’S CLASSIFICATION.

A

Primary/familial

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8
Q

due to underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus.
Diabetic dyslipidemia.

A

Secondary/ acquired

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9
Q

A condition in which arteries reduced its elasticity and become hardened.

A

Arteriosclerosis

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10
Q

a type arteriosclerosis due to plaque builds up in the lumen of arteries. Plaque is made up mostly of cholesterol.

A

Atherosclerosis

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11
Q

Impaired blood flow to the heart or brain due to plaque build up along the blood vessels as a result of atherosclerosis.

A

Coronary heart disease and Cerebrovascular disease

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12
Q

Risk factors are cigarette smoking, hypertension, family history, age, DM, obesity and sedentary life style, genetic mutation etc.

A

Coronary heart disease and Cerebrovascular disease

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13
Q

According to Frederickson Classification (primary cause)

Identify the Type I

Defect
Increased Lipoprotein
Increased Lipid
Associated Disease

A

LPL and apoCII deficiency

Chylomicrons

Triglycerides

Hypertriglycedemia , pancreatitis.

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14
Q

According to Frederickson Classification (primary cause)

Identify the Type IIa

Defect
Increased Lipoprotein
Increased Lipid
Associated Disease

A

LDL receptor deficiency

LDL

Cholesterol

Familial hypercholesterolemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism
Xanthomas

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15
Q

According to Frederickson Classification (primary cause)

Identify the Type IIb

Defect
Increased Lipoprotein
Increased Lipid
Associated Disease

A

LDL receptor deficiency,
Over production of VLDL by the liver

LDL and VLDL

Cholesterol and Triglycerides

Familial combined hyperlipidemia

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16
Q

According to Frederickson Classification (primary cause)

Identify the Type III

Defect
Increased Lipoprotein
Increased Lipid
Associated Disease

A

apoE deficiency

Chylomicrons and VLDL

Cholesterol and Triglycerides

Dysbetalipoproteinemia

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17
Q

According to Frederickson Classification (primary cause)

Identify the Type IV

Defect
Increased Lipoprotein
Increased Lipid
Associated Disease

A

Over production or impared catabolism of VLDL

VLDL

Triglycerides

Diabetes and acute pancreatitis (TG: >1000 mg/dl)

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18
Q

According to Frederickson Classification (primary cause)

Identify the Type V

Defect
Increased Lipoprotein
Increased Lipid
Associated Disease

A

Increased production of VLDL and Chylomicrons

Chylomicrons and VLDL

Triglycerides

Diabetes

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19
Q

Deposition of fats in the skin resulting to yellow patch or nodules

A

Palmar Xanthomas

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20
Q

Frederickson classification diagnostic use and interpretation

Type I

Triglycerides
Total Cholesterol
Serum Appearance

A

Severely Elevated

Normal to slightly elevated

Creamy layer over clear plasma

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21
Q

Frederickson classification diagnostic use and interpretation

Type IIa

Triglycerides
Total Cholesterol
Serum Appearance

A

Normal

Elevated

Clear

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22
Q

Frederickson classification diagnostic use and interpretation

Type IIb

Triglycerides
Total Cholesterol
Serum Appearance

A

Elevated

Elevated

Clear-slightly turbid

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23
Q

Frederickson classification diagnostic use and interpretation

Type III

Triglycerides
Total Cholesterol
Serum Appearance

A

Elevated

Elevated

Slightly turbid to turbid

24
Q

Frederickson classification diagnostic use and interpretation

Type IV

Triglycerides
Total Cholesterol
Serum Appearance

A

Elevated

Normal to elevated

Clear, turbid or milky

25
Frederickson classification diagnostic use and interpretation Type V Triglycerides Total Cholesterol Serum Appearance
Severely elevated Normal to elevated Creamy layer over milky plasma
26
Determine the secondary causes Diabetes mellitus Type 2
High TG and HDL
27
Determine the secondary causes Obstructive liver disease
High cholesterol and Lpx
28
Determine the secondary causes Nephrotic syndrome
High LDL
29
Determine the secondary causes Hypothyroidism
High TG and Cholesterol
30
Determine the secondary causes Chronic renal failure
high TG
31
Determine the secondary causes Cigarette Smoking
lowers HDL
32
Determine the secondary causes Obesity
High TG, cholesterol, LDL and low HDL
33
Determine the secondary causes Drugs
Beta blockers Retinoids Antiretroviral drugs Estrogen Glucocorticoids
34
Rare inherited disorder with severe low or total absence of HDL.
Tangier's disease
35
Mutation in ABCA 1 gene which responsible for HDL production.
Tangier's disease
36
responsible for HDL production.
ABCA 1 gene
37
Tangiers disease what disorder
Severe low or total absence of HDL
38
Disease with High risk of developing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Tangier's disease
39
Abetalipoproteinemia aka
Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome
40
Autosomal recessive, No VLDL,LDL or chylomicrons in the blood.
Abetalipoproteinemia
41
result to impaired fat absorption in the intestine and inability of the liver to synthesize fats.
Deficiency of Apo B48 and B100
42
responsible for production apo B-containing lipoproteins resulting to low or no VLDL, LDL or chylomicrons.
Mutation in microsomal triglycerides transfer protein (MTTP) gene
43
Mutation in microsomal triglycerides transfer protein (MTTP) gene what disorder
low or no VLDL, LDL, or chylomicrons
44
Abetalipoproteinemia what disorder
No vldl, ldl, or chylomicrons
45
If a patient have Abetalipoproteinemia what are the things that he can develop
Retinitis Pigmentosa Acanthocytosis Spinocerebellar degeneration Low fat-soluble vitamins Steatorrhea
46
Also known as lipidoses
Lipid storage diseases
47
Group of inherited metabolic disorders in which lipids are accumulated in cells and tissues.
Lipid storage diseases or Lipidoses
48
Deficiency in enzyme responsible for metabolism of lipids.
Lipid storage diseases or Lipidoses
49
Prolong accumulation of lipids causes permanent damage different tissues and organs.
Lipid storage diseases or Lipidoses
50
Lipid Storage Diseases Identigy the Tay-Sachs disease Mutated Gene Enzyme Deficiency Characteristics
HEXA gene Hexosaminidase A Accumulation of gangliosides in the CNS
51
Lipid Storage Diseases Identigy the Gaucher's Disease Mutated Gene Enzyme Deficiency Characteristics
GBA gene B-glucocerebrosidase or B-Glucosidase Accumulation of glycolipids in the bone marrow, liver and spleen
52
Lipid Storage Diseases Identigy the Niemann-Pick disease Mutated Gene Enzyme Deficiency Characteristics
SMPD 1 gene Sphingomyelinase Accumulation of Sphingolipids in the liver and spleen. Thrombocytopenia
53
Lipid Storage Diseases Identigy the Fabry's disease Mutated Gene Enzyme Deficiency Characteristics
GLA gene A-galactosidase Accumulation of globotriacylceramides (GB3 or GL-3) in different organs
54
Lipid Storage Diseases Identigy the Krabbe's disease Mutated Gene Enzyme Deficiency Characteristics
GALC gene B-galactosidase Accumulation of galactolipids forming globoid cells. Impaiirs myelin formation
55
Lipid Storage Diseases Identigy the Metachromatic leukodystropy Mutated Gene Enzyme Deficiency Characteristics
ARSA Arylsulfatase A Accumulation of sulfatide in the nerve cells. Destruction of white matter (Leukodystropy)

CC 1 Midterms (14 decks)

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