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1. CC 1 Midterms > Lipid Disorders (Dyslipidemia) (TOPIC 1) > Flashcards

Lipid Disorders (Dyslipidemia) (TOPIC 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Elevated lipoproteins in the blood particularly LDL and VLDL

A

Hyperlipoproteinemia

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2
Q

Low level of lipoproteins

A

Hypolipoproteinemia

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3
Q

Hyperlipoproteinemia that is high in triglycerides

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

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4
Q

Hyperlipoproteinemia that is high in cholesterol

A

Hypercholesterolemia

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5
Q

Types of Hypolipopretinemia

A

Hypoalphalipoproteinemia
Hypobetalipoproteinemia

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6
Q

Causes of Lipid Disorders

A

Primiary/famiial
Secondary/acquired

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7
Q

due to genetic mutation, identified according to FREDRICKSON’S CLASSIFICATION.

A

Primary/familial

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8
Q

due to underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus.
Diabetic dyslipidemia.

A

Secondary/ acquired

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9
Q

A condition in which arteries reduced its elasticity and become hardened.

A

Arteriosclerosis

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10
Q

a type arteriosclerosis due to plaque builds up in the lumen of arteries. Plaque is made up mostly of cholesterol.

A

Atherosclerosis

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11
Q

Impaired blood flow to the heart or brain due to plaque build up along the blood vessels as a result of atherosclerosis.

A

Coronary heart disease and Cerebrovascular disease

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12
Q

Risk factors are cigarette smoking, hypertension, family history, age, DM, obesity and sedentary life style, genetic mutation etc.

A

Coronary heart disease and Cerebrovascular disease

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13
Q

According to Frederickson Classification (primary cause)

Identify the Type I

Defect
Increased Lipoprotein
Increased Lipid
Associated Disease

A

LPL and apoCII deficiency

Chylomicrons

Triglycerides

Hypertriglycedemia , pancreatitis.

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14
Q

According to Frederickson Classification (primary cause)

Identify the Type IIa

Defect
Increased Lipoprotein
Increased Lipid
Associated Disease

A

LDL receptor deficiency

LDL

Cholesterol

Familial hypercholesterolemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism
Xanthomas

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15
Q

According to Frederickson Classification (primary cause)

Identify the Type IIb

Defect
Increased Lipoprotein
Increased Lipid
Associated Disease

A

LDL receptor deficiency,
Over production of VLDL by the liver

LDL and VLDL

Cholesterol and Triglycerides

Familial combined hyperlipidemia

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16
Q

According to Frederickson Classification (primary cause)

Identify the Type III

Defect
Increased Lipoprotein
Increased Lipid
Associated Disease

A

apoE deficiency

Chylomicrons and VLDL

Cholesterol and Triglycerides

Dysbetalipoproteinemia

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17
Q

According to Frederickson Classification (primary cause)

Identify the Type IV

Defect
Increased Lipoprotein
Increased Lipid
Associated Disease

A

Over production or impared catabolism of VLDL

VLDL

Triglycerides

Diabetes and acute pancreatitis (TG: >1000 mg/dl)

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18
Q

According to Frederickson Classification (primary cause)

Identify the Type V

Defect
Increased Lipoprotein
Increased Lipid
Associated Disease

A

Increased production of VLDL and Chylomicrons

Chylomicrons and VLDL

Triglycerides

Diabetes

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19
Q

Deposition of fats in the skin resulting to yellow patch or nodules

A

Palmar Xanthomas

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20
Q

Frederickson classification diagnostic use and interpretation

Type I

Triglycerides
Total Cholesterol
Serum Appearance

A

Severely Elevated

Normal to slightly elevated

Creamy layer over clear plasma

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21
Q

Frederickson classification diagnostic use and interpretation

Type IIa

Triglycerides
Total Cholesterol
Serum Appearance

A

Normal

Elevated

Clear

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22
Q

Frederickson classification diagnostic use and interpretation

Type IIb

Triglycerides
Total Cholesterol
Serum Appearance

A

Elevated

Elevated

Clear-slightly turbid

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23
Q

Frederickson classification diagnostic use and interpretation

Type III

Triglycerides
Total Cholesterol
Serum Appearance

A

Elevated

Elevated

Slightly turbid to turbid

24
Q

Frederickson classification diagnostic use and interpretation

Type IV

Triglycerides
Total Cholesterol
Serum Appearance

A

Elevated

Normal to elevated

Clear, turbid or milky

25
Q

Frederickson classification diagnostic use and interpretation

Type V

Triglycerides
Total Cholesterol
Serum Appearance

A

Severely elevated

Normal to elevated

Creamy layer over milky plasma

26
Q

Determine the secondary causes

Diabetes mellitus Type 2

A

High TG and HDL

27
Q

Determine the secondary causes

Obstructive liver disease

A

High cholesterol and Lpx

28
Q

Determine the secondary causes

Nephrotic syndrome

A

High LDL

29
Q

Determine the secondary causes

Hypothyroidism

A

High TG and Cholesterol

30
Q

Determine the secondary causes

Chronic renal failure

A

high TG

31
Q

Determine the secondary causes

Cigarette Smoking

A

lowers HDL

32
Q

Determine the secondary causes

Obesity

A

High TG, cholesterol, LDL and low HDL

33
Q

Determine the secondary causes

Drugs

A

Beta blockers
Retinoids
Antiretroviral drugs
Estrogen
Glucocorticoids

34
Q

Rare inherited disorder with severe low or total absence of HDL.

A

Tangier’s disease

35
Q

Mutation in ABCA 1 gene which responsible for HDL production.

A

Tangier’s disease

36
Q

responsible for HDL production.

A

ABCA 1 gene

37
Q

Tangiers disease what disorder

A

Severe low or total absence of HDL

38
Q

Disease with High risk of developing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.

A

Tangier’s disease

39
Q

Abetalipoproteinemia aka

A

Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome

40
Q

Autosomal recessive, No VLDL,LDL or chylomicrons in the blood.

A

Abetalipoproteinemia

41
Q

result to impaired fat absorption in the intestine and inability of the liver to synthesize fats.

A

Deficiency of Apo B48 and B100

42
Q

responsible for production apo B-containing lipoproteins resulting to low or no VLDL, LDL or chylomicrons.

A

Mutation in microsomal triglycerides transfer protein (MTTP) gene

43
Q

Mutation in microsomal triglycerides transfer protein (MTTP) gene what disorder

A

low or no
VLDL, LDL, or chylomicrons

44
Q

Abetalipoproteinemia what disorder

A

No vldl, ldl, or chylomicrons

45
Q

If a patient have Abetalipoproteinemia what are the things that he can develop

A

Retinitis
Pigmentosa
Acanthocytosis
Spinocerebellar degeneration
Low fat-soluble vitamins
Steatorrhea

46
Q

Also known as lipidoses

A

Lipid storage diseases

47
Q

Group of inherited metabolic disorders in which lipids are accumulated in cells and tissues.

A

Lipid storage diseases or Lipidoses

48
Q

Deficiency in enzyme responsible for metabolism of lipids.

A

Lipid storage diseases or Lipidoses

49
Q

Prolong accumulation of lipids causes permanent damage different tissues and organs.

A

Lipid storage diseases or Lipidoses

50
Q

Lipid Storage Diseases

Identigy the Tay-Sachs disease

Mutated Gene
Enzyme Deficiency
Characteristics

A

HEXA gene

Hexosaminidase A

Accumulation of gangliosides in the CNS

51
Q

Lipid Storage Diseases

Identigy the Gaucher’s Disease

Mutated Gene
Enzyme Deficiency
Characteristics

A

GBA gene

B-glucocerebrosidase or
B-Glucosidase

Accumulation of glycolipids in the bone marrow, liver and spleen

52
Q

Lipid Storage Diseases

Identigy the Niemann-Pick disease

Mutated Gene
Enzyme Deficiency
Characteristics

A

SMPD 1 gene

Sphingomyelinase

Accumulation of Sphingolipids in the liver and spleen. Thrombocytopenia

53
Q

Lipid Storage Diseases

Identigy the Fabry’s disease

Mutated Gene
Enzyme Deficiency
Characteristics

A

GLA gene

A-galactosidase

Accumulation of globotriacylceramides (GB3 or GL-3) in different organs

54
Q

Lipid Storage Diseases

Identigy the Krabbe’s disease

Mutated Gene
Enzyme Deficiency
Characteristics

A

GALC gene

B-galactosidase

Accumulation of galactolipids forming globoid cells. Impaiirs myelin formation

55
Q

Lipid Storage Diseases

Identigy the Metachromatic leukodystropy

Mutated Gene
Enzyme Deficiency
Characteristics

A

ARSA

Arylsulfatase A

Accumulation of sulfatide in the nerve cells. Destruction of white matter (Leukodystropy)

1. CC 1 Midterms (14 decks)

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