KIDNEY FAILURE AND KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST (TOPIC 3 NON-PROTEIN)

Question 1

Major Cause of CKD

Answer 1

T1 and T2 DM
Hypertension
Glomerulonephritis
Polycystic kidney disease
Certain medication

Question 2

non enzymatic glycation which lead to glomerulosclerosis (scarring or hardening to glomeruli).

Answer 2

T1 and T2 DM

Question 3

constant high pressure against the wall of renal artery causes to hardening (glomerulosclerosis)

Answer 3

Hypertension

Question 4

infection or autoimmune in origin.

Answer 4

Glomerulonephritis

Question 5

analgesic and aminoglycoside overdose.

Answer 5

Certain medication

Question 6

detects proteinuria and blood cells.

Answer 6

Urinalysis-

Question 7

staging of CKD. < 60 ml/min for 3 months.

Answer 7

Estimated GFR (eGFR)-

Question 8

Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR)- 24 H urine collection or random specimen.

ACR (mg/g) and Interpretation

A1
A2
A3

Answer 8

< 30
Normal to mildly increased

30-300 Moderately increase (microalbuminuria)

> 300 severely increase (macroalbuminuria)

Question 9

URINE ACR formula

Answer 9

Urine albumin (g/dL)/urine creatinine (mg/dl)

Question 10

Stage and eGFR (ml/min)

Normal kidney function. No signs and symptoms

Answer 10

1

> or = 90 ml/min

Question 11

Stage and eGFR (ml/min)

Mildly reduce kidney function. No signs and symptoms

Answer 11

2
60-89 ml/min

Question 12

Stage and eGFR (ml/min)

Mild to Moderate reduce kidney function. Signs and symptoms begin to show

Answer 12

3a
45-59 ml/min

Question 13

Stage and eGFR (ml/min)

Moderate to severe reduce kidney function. Signs and symptoms are evident

Answer 13

3b
30-44 ml/min

Question 14

Stage and eGFR (ml/min)

Severe kidney dysfunction. Recommended for dialysis

Answer 14

4
15-29 ml/min

Question 15

Stage and eGFR (ml/min)

Kidney failure/End stage renal disease (ESRD). For dialysis or transplant

Answer 15

5
< 15 ml/min