Lipoprotein (BIOCHEM) Flashcards
Proteins that act to transport lipids
Lipoproteins
main transport of lipoprotein
transport Triglycerides and Cholestero
Largest and least dense
Chylomicrons
APO-B 48
chylomicrons
Positive result: Floating Creamy Layer
Chylomicrons
Also known as Pre-Beta Lipoprotein
VLDL
Transports Endogenous triglycerides
VLDL
Apo-B 100
VLDL
Positive result: Turbid
VLDL
Smallest lipoproteins but the most dense
HDL
reference method for protein determination
kjeldahl
violet colored complex
biuret
most specific, preciss
Bromcresol Purple
most commonly used dye
Bromcresol Green
beta gamma bridging
Hepatic cirrhosis
Gamma Spike/ Monoclonal spike
Multiple myeloma
increased A2, Decreased A1
Nephrotic Syndrome
Decrease A1 antotrypsin
empysema
increased A1, A2, Beta
inflammation
hereditary absence of Albumin
Analbuminemia
presence of two albumin bonds
Bisalbumin
CA 125
Ovarian cancer
CA 15-3
Breast Cancer
CA 19-9
Pancreatic Cancer
CA 72-4
Gastric Cancer
Transports Exogenous triglycerides
Chylomicrons
Primary marker for Coronary Heart Disease
LDL
Primary marker for Coronary Heart Disease
LDL
Product of VLDL catabolism or remnant of VLDL
IDL
Known as the sinking pre-B Lipoprotein
Lp-A
Floating B Lipoprotein
B-VLDL
Found in obstructive jaundice and LCAT deficiency
Lp-X
Reference method for quantitation of lipoproteins
Ultracentrifugation
what are the two formulas
friedwald’s formula and delong’s formula
friedwald formula
TAG/5.0 (mg/dl)
what type does hyperchylomicronemia
type 1
what type does hypercholesterolemia
type 2a
what type does hyperlipidemia
type 2b
what type does dysbetalipoproteinemia
type 3
what type does hypertriglyceridemia
type 4
what type does hyperlipidemia
type 5
what type is extremely elevated due to chylomicrons
type 1
what type is elevated ldl
type 2a
what type is the elevated presence of idl
type 3
what type is the elevated tag due to VLDL
type 4
complete absence of HDL
Tangier’s disease
defective apo B synthesis and absence of VLDL, LDL and chylomicrons
Bassen-Kornzwieg
Hunter and Hurler disease
Mucopolysaccharide disease
Polymers of amino acids joined together by
peptide bond
the only element that distinguishes protein from other biomolecules
Nitrogen
Most abundant macromolecules in the body
Protein
building blocks of protein
Amino acids
simple amino acid
Glycine
hinge region
proline
start codon
methionine
stop codon
UAG, UAA, UGA
Indicator of malnutrition, binds thyroid hormones and retinol-binding protein
Pre-albumin
Binds bilirubin, steroids, fatty acids, major contributor to oncotic pressure
albumin
protease inhibitor
a-1 antitrypsin
principal fetal protein
a-1 fetoprotein
may be related to immune response
a-1 acid glycoprotein
binds free hemoglobin
haptoglobin
transport copper, peroxidase activity
ceruloplasmin
inhibits thrombin, trypsin and pepsin
a-2 macroglobulin
transport iron
transferin
binds heme
hemopexin
for immune response by promoting cell lysis
complement
precursor of fibrin
fibrinogen
for inflammation and opsonin
c-reactive proteins
protein found on CSF
Tau protein
Transporter of T4 and Retinol
pre albumin
highest concentration in plasma
albumin
it is a negative acute phase reactant
albumin
Lowest plasma Albumin can be seen in
Nephrotic Syndrome
increased albumin indicates
dehydration
major protease inhibitor
alpha-1 antitrypsin
Neutralizes trypsin- like enzymes but can destroy the alveoli leading to
emphysema
major component of a-1 globulin band
antitrypsin
Initially synthesized by fetal yolk sac and fetal liver
fetoprotein
Increased in: neural tube defects like Spina bifida, presence of twins
fetoprotein
Also known as Orosomucoid
acid glycoprotein
Greatest affinity to progesterone
acid glycoprotein
Major transporter of PSA or Prostate Specific Antigen
chymotrypsin
increased in alzheimer’s disease
chymotrypsin
increased in nephrotic syndrome
macroglobulin
2nd biggest protein next to albumin
macroglobulin
copper binding protein
ceruloplasmin
Decreased in Wilson`s disease and Menkes kinky-hair syndrome
ceruloplasmin
negative phase acute reactant
transferrin
Major component of the beta globulin fraction
tranferrin
Component of the major Human Leukocyte Antigen (MHC I)
microglubin
most abundant factor in coagulation
fibrinogen
lysis of foreign agents
complement
most abundant form in serum
C3
major acute phase reactant
reactive protein
immunoglobulins are synthesized by
plasma cells
most abundant, can cross the placenta
IgG
found in secretions
IgA
first antibody to appear
IgM
present on surface of B cells
IgD
allergic, anaphylactic and parasitic infection
IgE
nitrogen content of protein is
16%
most widely or routine used
biuret
most abundant of the coagulation factors which forms the fibrin clot.
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen is precipitated with calcium
howe’s method
Fibrinogen is precipitated with ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride
Parfentjev method
stains of protein electrophoresis
coomassie blue, amindo black, ponceau S
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Colon Cancer
Alpha- fetoprotein
liver cancer
Prostate Specific Antigen
prostate cancer
acid phosphatase
prostate cancer
Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (B-HCG)
Men- testicular cancer
Female- choriocarcinoma
calcitonin
medullary thyroid cancer
Her-2/Neu
Breast Cancer
NMP 22
Urinary Bladder Cancer
Bence Jones Proteins
Multiple Myeloma
