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2nd year, 1st sem > cytogen chromosome > Flashcards

cytogen chromosome Flashcards

1
Q

threadlike structure made up of DNA

A

Chromosomes

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2
Q

found in the nucleus of each cell

A

Chromosomes

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3
Q

unit of heredty

A

gene

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4
Q

chromosome was 1st described by him

A

Eduard Adolf Strasburger

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5
Q

he is the first used the term “chromosome”

A

Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz

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6
Q

color

A

chromo

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7
Q

body

A

soma

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8
Q

positive ion

A

cation (basic)

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9
Q

negative ion

A

anion (acidic)

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10
Q

it is located at the center to which the chromatids or spindle fibers are attached

A

Centromere

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11
Q

each half of the chromosome joined

A

Chromatid

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12
Q

positive electrophoresis

A

anode

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13
Q

negative electrophoresis

A

cathode

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14
Q

terminal region of each side of the chromosome

A

telomers

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15
Q

protect the ends of chromosomes from becoming frayed or tangled

A

Telomers

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16
Q

it is the short arm

A

p Arm

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17
Q

it is the long arm

A

q Arm

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18
Q

also responsible for the foundation for kinetochore assembly

A

Centromere

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19
Q

centromeres are located near the chromosomes center

A

Metacentric

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20
Q

metacentric can be seen in

A

chromosome 1

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21
Q

centromeres are non-centrally located so that one arm is longer than the other

A

Submetacentric

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22
Q

submetacentric can be seen in

A

chromosome 5

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23
Q

centromeres are located near the end of a chromosome

A

acrocentric

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24
Q

acrocentric can be seen in

A

chromosome 13

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25
Q

centromeres are found at the end or telomere region of a chromosome

A

telocentric

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26
Q

telocentric can be seen in

A

trisomy 21

27
Q

how many chromosomes can be seen in trisomy 21 and ika pila siya

A

3 chromosomes, 21th

28
Q

chromosome with a missing centromere

A

acentric chromosome

29
Q

chromosome with two centromere

A

dicentric chromosome

30
Q

a disc-shaped protein structure which assembles on the centromere before cell division

A

kinetochore

31
Q

attaches spindle microtubules which is essential for appropriate chromosomal segregation during mitosis

A

kinetochore

32
Q

dark staining

A

heterochromatic or heterochromatin region

33
Q

light staining

A

euchromatic or euchromatin region

34
Q

what are the heterochromatin classification

A

constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin

35
Q

it stays permanently in heterochromatic stage

A

constitutive heterochromatin

36
Q

it does not revert to euchromatic stage

A

constitutive heterochromatin

37
Q

euchromatin that takes on the staining

A

facultative heterochromatin

38
Q

it has approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA are packed into 23 chromosome

A

haploid genome

39
Q

most cells in the body except for female ovary and male sperm

A

diploid

40
Q

6 billion base pairs of DNA are packed into 23 pairs chromosome

A

diploid human genome

41
Q

size of each base pair

A

0.34 nanometer long

42
Q

each diploid cell

A

2 meters of DNA

43
Q

50 trillion cells in human body

A

100 trillion meters of DNA per human

44
Q

a circular dna molecule

A

prokaryote

45
Q

2 diploid daughter

A

mitosis

46
Q

4 haploid

A

meiosis

47
Q

consist of short nucleotide sequences, which are repeated multiple times

A

telomere

48
Q

gold standard for precise DNA image cytometry

A

feulgen staining

49
Q

it allows cells to be subjected to mild hydrolysis

A

1N HCl at 600 degree celsius fot 10 minutes

50
Q

Giemsa stain (blood)

A

G Banding

51
Q

AT-rich region stain darker than GC-rich regions

A

G banding

52
Q

reverse stain

A

r banding

53
Q

GC-rich region stain darker than AT-rich regions

A

R Banding

54
Q

Quinacrine fluorescent due stains AT-rich regions

A

Q Banding

55
Q

stains heterochromatic regions close to the centromeres

A

C Banding

56
Q

usually stains the entire long arm of the Y chromosome

A

C Banding

57
Q

Classifies mitotic chromosomes according to their fluorescence and light scattering as they move in a single file rapidly in a narrow stream of liquid

A

Flow Cytometry

58
Q

it is also known as Multiplex-FISH (M-Fish)

A

Spectral Karyotyping (SKY)

59
Q

other name of SKY

A

Multiplex-FISH (M-FISH)

60
Q

Simultaneous visualization of each chromosome pair in different color

A

Spectral Karyotyping (SKY)

61
Q

Molecular cytogenetic method that allows the analysis of the entire genome is a single experiment

A

Comparative Genomic Hybridization

62
Q

Use of this method is limited to the detection of quantitative genome changes (amplification/deletion)

A

Comparative Genomic Hybridization

63
Q

Use of this method is limited to the detection of quantitative genome changes (amplification/deletion)

A

Comparative Genomic Hybridization

2nd year, 1st sem (20 decks)

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