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Chemistry Module 1 > Lipids (Part 3) > Flashcards

Lipids (Part 3) Flashcards

0
Q

Enzyme deficiency and typical symptoms of Niemann-Pick syndrome

A

Def: sphingomyelinase
Symptoms: Hearing problems, psychiatric problems, epilepsy, dysphagia, ataxia, learning difficulties, clumsiness

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1
Q

Enzyme deficiency and typical symptoms for Gaucher’s Disease

A

Def: beta-glucocerebrosidase
Symptoms: Hepatomegaly, bone pain and crisis, collapsed vertebrae, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, anemia, osteonecrosis, osteopenia, Erlenmeyer flask deformity

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2
Q

Enzyme deficiency and typical symptoms of Tay-Sachs Disease

A

Def: hexosaminidase
Symptoms: psychomotor deterioration, dementia

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3
Q

Thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in artery walls

A

arteriosclerosis

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4
Q

a form of arteriosclerosis caused by focal accumulation of lipids, complex carbs, blood, fibrous tissue, and calcium

A

atherosclerosis

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5
Q

Discuss progression from fatty streaks to fibrous plaques to complicated lesions in atherosclerosis

A

Plaque deposited in blood vessels, inflammation allows lipids to come in and start consuming fat (foam cells), lumen decreases, accumulation of fibrous cap, then platelet thrombosis and fibrin deposits creating a necrotic core with debris

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6
Q

Four detrimental effects of oxidized LDL

A

1 macrophages are transformed into foam cells
2 cytotoxic effects are exerted on endothilial cells
3 platelet activation is increased
4 migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells stimulated

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7
Q

(At least) Five modifiable risk factors for Coronary artery disease

A 
1 hypertension
2 smoking
3 obesity
4 diet
5 alcohol
6 stress
7 high lipids
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8
Q

(at least) five non-modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease

A 
1 gender
2 age
3 family history
4 race
5 diabetes mellitus
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9
Q

Specific Concentrations of LDL

-optimal

A

<100 mg/dL

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10
Q

Specific Concentrations of LDL

-near/above optimal

A

100-129 mg/dL

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11
Q

Specific Concentrations of LDL

-borderline high

A

130-159 mg/dL

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12
Q

Specific Concentrations of LDL

-high

A

160-189 mg/dL

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13
Q

Specific Concentrations of LDL

-very high

A

> or equal to 190

VERY BAD

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14
Q

Specific concentrations of total cholesterol

-desirable

A

<200 mg/dL

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15
Q

Specific concentrations of total cholesterol

-borderline high

A

200-239 mg/dL

16
Q

Specific concentrations of total cholesterol

-high

A

> or equal to 240 mg/dL

17
Q

Specific concentration of low value HDL cholesterol

18
Q

Specific concentration for High HDL cholesterol

A

> or equal to 60 (A GOOD THING)

19
Q

Specific concentrations of TGL

-desirable

A

<150 mg/dL

20
Q

Specific concentrations of TGL

-borderline

A

150-199 mg/dL

21
Q

Specific concentrations of TGL

-high risk

A

200-499 mg/dL

22
Q

Specific concentrations of TGL

-very high risk

A

> or equal to 500

23
Q

List five analytes used to predict risk for development of CAD

A 
1 Apolipoprotein B-100 (on LDL)
2 Apo E
3 homocysteine
4 high sensitivity CRP
5 Lipoprotein
24
Q

three signs and symptoms of the metabolic syndrome

A 
1 central obesity
2 hypertension
3 high blood glucose
4 high TGL
5 low HDL
25
Q

at least two risk factors of the metabolic syndrome

A

1 BMI >25
2 family history of diabetes mellitus
3 history of gestational diabetes
4 polycystic ovary syndrome

26
Q

five patient preparation instructions for proper lipid study specimen collections

A

1 12-14 hour fast (water only)
2 habitual diet and activity
3 stable weight over past 4 weeks
4 no acute/recent illness, injury, or surgery (MI or CABG)
5 no lipid raising or lipid lowering drugs
6 repeat in 1-4 weeks to diagnose

27
Q

Specific appearance of serum/plasma with expected chol or TGL concentrations
-normal TGL

28
Q

Specific appearance of serum/plasma with expected chol or TGL concentrations
-increased cholesterol/LDL

A

orange/yellow tint

29
Q

Specific appearance of serum/plasma with expected chol or TGL concentrations
-TGL 200-499 mg/dL

A

hazy/turbid

30
Q

Specific appearance of serum/plasma with expected chol or TGL concentrations
-TGL >500 mg/dL

A

opaque/milky

31
Q

Reagents used in Liebermann-Burchard method

A

sulfuric acid, acetic anhydride

32
Q

reagents used in Abell method

A

cholesterol esters chemically hydrolyzed then perform Liebermann-Burchard

33
Q

Reagents used in enzymatic cholesterol methods

A

cholesterol esterase and oxidase

34
Q

HDL cholesterol precipitation methods

A

1 precipitate Apo B containing lipoproteins 2 centrifuge and analyze supernatant (HDL) 3 use direct assay to mask non-HDL fractions so they dont react with enzymes used to measure Cholesterol

35
Q

Friedewald formula to calculate LDL concentration

A

TC - (TGL/5 + HDL) = LDL

36
Q

TGL conc above which the Friedewald formula is invalid

A

TGL >400 mg/dL

Chemistry Module 1 (18 decks)

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