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Chemistry Module 1 > Cardiac Function > Flashcards

Cardiac Function Flashcards

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1
Q

Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

-Aorta

A

Oxygenated

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2
Q

Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

-Inferior vena cava

A

deoxygenated

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3
Q

Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

-Left atrium

A

oxygenated

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4
Q

Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

-Left Ventricle

A

Oxygenated

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5
Q

Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

-Mitral Valve

A

Oxygenated

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6
Q

Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

-Pulmonary artery

A

deoxygenated

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7
Q

Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

-Pulmonary vein

A

oxygenated

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8
Q

Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

-Right Atrium

A

Deoxygenated

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9
Q

Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

-Right ventricle

A

deoxygenated

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10
Q

Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

-Superior vena cava

A

deoxygenated

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11
Q

Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

-Tricuspid valve

A

deoxygenated

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12
Q

changes configuration; grabs actin to pull across fiber

A

myosin

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13
Q

regulatory proteins for actin filaments

A

troponin complex

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14
Q

helps contact muscle

A

calcium ions

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15
Q

interaction during cardiac muscle contraction

A

Troponin is regulatory for actin in the heart; energy in the form of ATP is required

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16
Q

at least five modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease

A

smoking, high chol, high TGL, high LDL, decreased HDL, high blood pressure, physical inactivity, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus

17
Q

at least two non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease

A

age, gender, family history, race

18
Q

Medicare Defined Panel criteria for total cholesterol

A

<200 mg/dL

19
Q

Medicare Defined Panel criteria for HDL cholesterol

A

> 40 mg/dL

20
Q

Medicare defined panel criteria for LDL choleseterol

A

<100 mg/dL

21
Q

Medicare defined panel criteria for TGL

A

<150 mg/dL

22
Q

Describe the sequence of events in the progression of atherosclerosis, relating these changes to the development of biomarkers for the disease

A
  1. traditional markers identify the patients response to the inflammatory process involved
  2. Developing biomarkers identify the patients response to damage to the endothelial cell lining initiation a hemostatic response with thrombosis and subsequent fibrinolysis
23
Q

Five tests that may be used to assess risk for atherosclerosis development and subsequent cardiovascular disease

A
  1. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP)
  2. Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
  3. Oxidized LDL
  4. Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2)
  5. Homocysteine
24
Q

Five tests that are being developed to assess where a hemostatic response to endothelial cell injury has occurred

A
  1. Homocystein
  2. tPA/PAI-1
  3. TAFI
  4. fibrinogen
  5. D-dimer
25
Q

Definition of unstable angina

A

Thoracic pain that may mark the onset of acute MI. It typically occurs at rest and has a sudden onset, sudden worsening, and stuttering recurrence over days and weeks. It carries a more severe short-term prognosis than stable chronic angina

26
Q

Definition of stable angina

A

Thoracic pain that occurs with activity or stress

27
Q

Briefly describe the sequence of changes in myocardial cells during an evolving acute myocardial infarction

A
  • complete or partial occlusion of coronary arteries
  • blood clot is trigger for MI
  • may result in: ischemia, infarction, anoxia
  • ## irreversible structural injury begins in less than 30mins after clot formation
28
Q

What is occurring during the EKG

- P wave

A

Activation of the atria

29
Q

What is occurring during the EKG

- QRS complex

A

Activation of the ventricles

30
Q

What is occurring during the EKG

- T wave

A

recovery wave

31
Q

Abnormal finding in the ST segment and T wave hours after MI

A
  • hours after infarction the ST segment becomes elevated

- hours to days later the T wave inverts and Q wave becomes larger

32
Q

2012 criteria for diagnosis of acute, evolving, or recent myocardial infarction

A

Detection of rise and fall of cardiac biomarker values and with at least one:

  • symptoms of ischemia
  • development of pathologic Q waves in ECG
  • New ST-segment-Twave changes or new left bundle branch block
  • identification of an intracoronary thrombus by angiography or autopsy
  • Imaging evidence of new loos of viable myocardium or new regional wall motion abnormality

Chemistry Module 1 (18 decks)

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