Cardiac Function Flashcards
Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
-Aorta
Oxygenated
Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
-Inferior vena cava
deoxygenated
Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
-Left atrium
oxygenated
Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
-Left Ventricle
Oxygenated
Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
-Mitral Valve
Oxygenated
Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
-Pulmonary artery
deoxygenated
Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
-Pulmonary vein
oxygenated
Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
-Right Atrium
Deoxygenated
Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
-Right ventricle
deoxygenated
Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
-Superior vena cava
deoxygenated
Structure contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
-Tricuspid valve
deoxygenated
changes configuration; grabs actin to pull across fiber
myosin
regulatory proteins for actin filaments
troponin complex
helps contact muscle
calcium ions
interaction during cardiac muscle contraction
Troponin is regulatory for actin in the heart; energy in the form of ATP is required
at least five modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease
smoking, high chol, high TGL, high LDL, decreased HDL, high blood pressure, physical inactivity, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus
at least two non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease
age, gender, family history, race
Medicare Defined Panel criteria for total cholesterol
<200 mg/dL
Medicare Defined Panel criteria for HDL cholesterol
> 40 mg/dL
Medicare defined panel criteria for LDL choleseterol
<100 mg/dL
Medicare defined panel criteria for TGL
<150 mg/dL
Describe the sequence of events in the progression of atherosclerosis, relating these changes to the development of biomarkers for the disease
- traditional markers identify the patients response to the inflammatory process involved
- Developing biomarkers identify the patients response to damage to the endothelial cell lining initiation a hemostatic response with thrombosis and subsequent fibrinolysis
Five tests that may be used to assess risk for atherosclerosis development and subsequent cardiovascular disease
- High sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP)
- Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
- Oxidized LDL
- Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2)
- Homocysteine
Five tests that are being developed to assess where a hemostatic response to endothelial cell injury has occurred
- Homocystein
- tPA/PAI-1
- TAFI
- fibrinogen
- D-dimer
Definition of unstable angina
Thoracic pain that may mark the onset of acute MI. It typically occurs at rest and has a sudden onset, sudden worsening, and stuttering recurrence over days and weeks. It carries a more severe short-term prognosis than stable chronic angina
Definition of stable angina
Thoracic pain that occurs with activity or stress
Briefly describe the sequence of changes in myocardial cells during an evolving acute myocardial infarction
- complete or partial occlusion of coronary arteries
- blood clot is trigger for MI
- may result in: ischemia, infarction, anoxia
- ## irreversible structural injury begins in less than 30mins after clot formation
What is occurring during the EKG
- P wave
Activation of the atria
What is occurring during the EKG
- QRS complex
Activation of the ventricles
What is occurring during the EKG
- T wave
recovery wave
Abnormal finding in the ST segment and T wave hours after MI
- hours after infarction the ST segment becomes elevated
- hours to days later the T wave inverts and Q wave becomes larger
2012 criteria for diagnosis of acute, evolving, or recent myocardial infarction
Detection of rise and fall of cardiac biomarker values and with at least one:
- symptoms of ischemia
- development of pathologic Q waves in ECG
- New ST-segment-Twave changes or new left bundle branch block
- identification of an intracoronary thrombus by angiography or autopsy
- Imaging evidence of new loos of viable myocardium or new regional wall motion abnormality
