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Chemistry Module 1 > Lipids (Part 1) > Flashcards

Lipids (Part 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

5 general functions of lipids

A
  1. serve as hormones or hormone precursors
  2. Aid in digestion
  3. Provide energy storage and metabolic fuels
  4. Provide functional and structural components in biomembranes
  5. Form insulation to prevent heat loss or to allow nerve conduction
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2
Q

Basic structure of cholesterol

A

a steroid alcohol with 27 carbon atoms arranged in a tetra cyclical sterane ring system

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3
Q

Two functions of cholesterol

A

Helps organize cell membranes and controls permeability

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4
Q

Importance of emulsification of cholesterol

A

It is necessary to solubilize cholesterol before absorption, this occurs by the formation of mixed micelles

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5
Q

Importance of esterification of cholesterol

A

In order to reduce the cytotoxicity of free cholesterol

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6
Q

Function and different sites of action for lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and acylocholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)

A

both reduce cytotoxicity of free cholesterol
LCAT: extracellulary
ACAT: intracellularly

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7
Q

Empirical formula and three sources of fatty acids

A

R-COOH

  1. diet (largest source)
  2. adipose tissue
  3. biosynthesis of all but the “essential fatty acids”
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8
Q

Harmful effects of trans fatty acids (6)

A
  1. Not recognized by enzymes
  2. if incorporated into cell membrane, membrane is more dense and function is altered
  3. Raises LDL and triglycerides
  4. Lowers HDL
  5. Increases risk of cardiovascular disease
  6. Has a detrimental effect on brain/nervous system
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9
Q

Describe the catabolic process of beta-oxidation

A

Shortens fatty acid chain form carboxyl end of molecule to form acetyl-CoA; condensed with oxaloacetate to form citrate to enter the Kreb’s cycle
(yields more energy than catabolism at glucose)

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10
Q

Describe the basic structure and the major function of triglycerides

A

3 fatty acids attached to glycerol

F; storage of fat in the tissues

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11
Q

Explain the process of dietary triglyceride metabolism

A
  • Digested in the duodenum and absorbed in proximal ileum

- pancreatic and intestinal lipase and bile acids hydrolyze triglycerides to glycerol, monoglycerides, and fatty acids

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12
Q

function of phosphoglycerides (6)

A
  1. components of cell membranes
  2. enzyme activators
  3. metabolic fuels
  4. signaling molecules
  5. surfactant
  6. component of lipoproteins
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13
Q

Form the major lipids of cell membranes, increase rigidity, act as signal transducers in CNS, made by all cells except erythrocytes

A

Sphingolipids

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14
Q

Three fat-soluble vitamins (terpenes)

A

Vitamin A, E, K

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15
Q

core of nonpolar, neutral lipids surrounded by more polar amphipathic lipids on the surface, contains one or more specific proteins; DIAGRAM IN LECTURE

A

structure of lipoproteins

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16
Q

Hydrophilic adaptation in order to transport hydrophobic lipids to tissues and organs

A

function of lipoproteins

17
Q

four functions of lipoproteins

A

1 facilitate direct cellular uptake and catabolism of lipoproteins
2 serve as structural component
3 serve as cofactor to regulate enzymes
4 facilitate transfer of lipids between lipoproteins

18
Q

Electrophoretic mobilities of chylomicrons

A

at point of application

19
Q

Electrophoretic mobilities of LDL

A

Beta Region

20
Q

Electrophoretic mobilities of VLDL

A

Pre Beta Region

21
Q

Electrophoretic mobilities of HDL

A

Alpha 1 Region (moves fastest to anode)

22
Q

Apolipoproteins present on chylomicrons and LDL

A

A-I, A-IV, B-100, B-48, C-I, C-II, C-III, E

23
Q

Cofactor of LCAT

A

A-I

24
Q

Activates LCAT

A

A-IV

25
Q

Secretion of Triglycerides from intestine

A

B-48

26
Q

Secretion of Triglycerides from liver binding protein to LDL receptor

A

B-100

27
Q

Activates LCAT

A

C-I

28
Q

Cofactor of LPL

A

C-II

29
Q

inhibits C-II activation of LPL

A

C-III

30
Q

facilitates uptake of chylomicron remnant and IDL

A

Apo E

31
Q

transports dietary lipids that are absorbed by the intestine to the liver and peripheral tissues; TGL digested in duodenum and proximal ileum through action of pancreatic and intestinal lipases and in the presence of bile acids

A

purpose of the exogenous pathway for dietary lipids

Chemistry Module 1 (18 decks)

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