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Biology > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Lipids are _____

A

esters formed by acids and alcohol

They are not true polymers

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2
Q

Types of Lipids

A

1)Triglycerides (Fats and oils)
2)Phospholipids
3)Steroids
4)Prostagladin

Fat soluble vitamins are also lipids(vit A,D,E,K and carotenoid)

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3
Q

What is difference b/w fat and oil?

A

Fats-solid at room temperature
Oil-liquid at room temperature

They are very similar in structure (triglycerides)

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4
Q

Triglycerides contains _____ and _____

A

glycerol(alcohol)

3 fatty acids(acid)

glycerolမှာOH gpသုံးခုပါတော့ COOH goသုံးခုနဲ့ပေါင်းနိုင်(ester bond သုံးခုဖြစ်)

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5
Q

What is fatty acid?

A

Carboxylic acid containing CARBOXYL GP(-COOH) and with 16-18 hydrocarbon tail

carboxyl gp-polar
hydrocarbon tail-non polar

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6
Q

Types of fatty acid

A

1)Saturated fatty acid-no double bond in hydrocarbon chain

2)Unsaturated fatty acid-double bond in hydrocarbon chain
-monounsaturated:one double bond
-polyunsaturated:many double bond

3)Hydrogenated fatty acid-adding hydrogen into unsaturated fatty acid to produces saturated fatty acid

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7
Q

How fat is formed?

A

by condensation reaction

OH gp of Glycerol and COOH gp of acid linked by ESTER BOND (removal of water)

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8
Q

What are saturated fat?

A

Glycerol+ saturated fatty acid

eg.animal fats (solid at room temp)

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9
Q

What are unsaturated fat?

A

glycerol+ unsaturated fatty acid

eg.plant and fish fats( liquid at room temperature)

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10
Q

Triglycerides are insoluble in ____ and soluble in _____

A

water(polar)
non polar solvents

glycerol ကhydrophilicဖြစ်ပေမဲ့ fatty acidကoverall hydrophobicမလို့

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11
Q

Function of triglycerides

A

energy storage for long term(in adipose and muscle cells)

Triglycerides-anhydrous & highly reduced molecules (ဖြိုခွဲရင်energyအများကြီးထွက်)

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12
Q

d/s caused by eating diet with many saturated fats

A

CVS d/s (atherosclerosis)

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13
Q

d/s causing eating with diet of trans fat(hydrogenated)

A

coronary disease

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14
Q

Phospholipids contain____,_____,_____ and ______

A

Glycerol (polar)
2 fatty acid (nonpolar)
Phosphate gp (polar)
Alcohol gp (polar)

Overall negative charged

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15
Q

Why phospholipids are amphipathic molecules?

A

They contain hydrophobic tail(glycerol+fatty acid) but hydrophilic head (phosphate gp)

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16
Q

In aqueous,phospholipids act as _____

A

lipid bilayer
-hydrophilic head outside
-hydrophilic tail inside

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17
Q

Function of phospholipids

A

major part of cell membrane (semipermeable)

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18
Q

How fats are digested?

A

b/c they are insoluble and can’t be absorbed by small intestine.in order to digest fat
1)bile salts from liver emulsified fat
2)Lipase from small intestine breakdown triglycerides into monoglyceride and 2 fatty acids

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19
Q

Steroids contain_____ attached to _____

A

four fused rings(hydrocarbonမလို့ hydrophobic)

OH gp(hydrophilic)

Many steroids are binds to alcohol and formed STEROL

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20
Q

Example and functions of steroid

A

Cholesterol
-part of the cell membrane
-precursor for other steroids,bile salts and vit D

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21
Q

Cholesterol are synthesized in ____ and also obtained from diet

A

liver

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22
Q

Diet with high lvl of cholesterol can cause ____

A

atherosclerosis

23
Q

Prostaglandin are derived from____

A

unsaturated fatty acid (20C in 5 ring)

24
Q

Function of prostaglandin

A

enhancing immune system and inflammatory system

25
Q

Types of phospholipids

A

1)Phosphoglycerides
2)Sphingolipids

26
Q

Phosphoglyceride contains______ as backbone

A

glycerol alcohol

27
Q

Sphingolipids contain _____ as backbone

A

sphingosine alcohol (more complex primary alcohol)

28
Q

Phosphoglycerides contain ______ ,______ and ________

A

glycerol backbone
2 fatty acids
phosphate gp

C1 and C2 are attached to F/A and C3 is linked with phosphate gp

29
Q

simplest phosphoglyceride is ______

A

phosphotidate (less common)

C3 binds to Oxygen which is attached to phosphate (unmodified phosphate gp)

30
Q

Modified phosphate gp are _____,______ and _____

A

choline
serine
inositol

31
Q

What is the most common phosphoglycerides in cell membrane?

A

Phosphotidylcholine (phosphtidate+ choline)

32
Q

Double bond in unsaturated fatty acid are ____

A

cis bond -2 gps attached to the carbon are same side of the double bond

33
Q

Hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid can get the fatty acid with_____ forms and _____

A

saturated fatty acid

unsaturated fatty acid with trans bond
(2 gps attached to the carbon are at the opposite site of the double bond)

34
Q

Sphingolipid contains_____ as backbone

A

sphingosine alcohol

35
Q

Sphingolipid contains ______ and _____ gp

A

sphingosine alcohol as backbone
fatty acids attached to backbone by AMIDE BOND
primary alcohol attached to phosphate gp by ESTER BOND

36
Q

sphingolipids are common in _____

A

membrane of nerve cells(sphingomyelin)

37
Q

What are animal steroids?

A

1)Aldosterone
2)Cortisol
3)Progesterone
4)Estrogen
5)Testosterone

38
Q

Structure of triacyglycerol

A

One glycerol+ 3 fatty acids

39
Q

Are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

Non-polar hydrocarbon chain ——> lipids are hydrophobic

40
Q

What reaction involves in formation of TAG?

A

Dehydration synthesis reaction or condensation reaction

41
Q

What are the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Saturated f/a

No double bonds

As many hydrogen atoms as possible

Tightly packed, solid at RT

Unsaturated f/a

One or more double bonds

1 double bond- reduce two hydrogen atoms

Cis and trans form

Cis acid-contain a kink- liquid at RT

Trans acid- no kink- solid

42
Q

What kinds of lipids below are bad for health?

  1. Trans
  2. Cis
  3. Saturated
A

1 and 3 they are packly tight and solid at room temp.

43
Q

Can cis acid be transformed to trans acid?

A

Yes. By partial hydrogenation.
Partial hydrogenation occurs in digestive tract of animals such as cows. Therefore- fat in meat are trans fat

44
Q

How are fatty acid classified according to the type of bonds?

A

Monounsatured and polyunsaturated fatty acids

In poly unsaturated fatty acids, the double bonds are counted from the omega end of the fatty acid (methyl end)

45
Q

What are essential fatty acid?

A

Nutritionally important for the body and cannot be synthesized in the body

Esssential fatty acids are omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids

Omega3-ALA,DHA,EPA

Omega 6-linoleic acid, Arachidonic acid

46
Q

Is omega 9 mono or polyunsaturated fatty acid?

A

Monounsaturated fatty acid
Eg Oleic acid

THEY ARE NOT ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS

47
Q

According to the length of the fatty acid, how are they classified?

A

Short chain fatty acid- 3 to5 carbon atoms
Medium chain fatty acid- 6 to 12 carbon atoms
Long chain fatty acid-more than 13 carbon atoms

48
Q

Phospholipids structure

A

Phosphate+glycerol+2 fatty acids

R group attached to phosphate group
Eg. Phosphoditylcholine and phosphotidyl serine are common PL in plasma membrane.

49
Q

Is phospholipid soluble in water?

A

They have amphipathic property both water loving and water hating because phosphate-polar, fatty acid chain-non polar

50
Q

Steroid structure

A

Four carbon rings ( 3 of them- 6 carbon ring+1 of the carbon ring- 5 carbon) and contain an OH group because they are sterols (alcohols)

51
Q

The most common steroid

A

Cholesterol.
Cholesterol is the precursor of sex hormones(estradiol and testosterone)
Vitamin D
And bile salts for emulsification of fat)

52
Q

Name what types of lipids are they?

Palmitic acid stearic acid, Oleic acid , arachidonic acid

A

Palmitic acid-saturated
Stearic acid-saturated
Oleic acid- monounsaturated acid Arachidonic acid-polyunsaturated

53
Q

Are steroids soluble in water?

A

No.
They are lipids

Biology (16 decks)

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