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Chemical connection to Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an element?

A

a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions

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2
Q

Naturally occurring elements

A

92 elements

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3
Q

What is a compound?

A

a substance consisting of two or more elements in fixed proportion

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4
Q

A compound has same characteristics as its elements.True or False

A

False
compound has different characteristics from its elements Eg.NaCl

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5
Q

Essential elements for organisms

A

Oxygen,Nitrogen,Hydrogen and Carbon-make up 96% of living matter

Ca,P,K,S,Na,Cl and Mg-4%

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6
Q

What are trace elements?

A

Iron and Iodine

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7
Q

Smallest unit of matter

A

An atom

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8
Q

The subatomic particles and their charge

A

Proton——>positive charged
Electron——>negative charged
Neutrons——->Neutral

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9
Q

Mass of subatomic particles

A

Proton-1amu or 1 dalton
Neutron-1amu or 1 dalton
Electron-negligible

Total mass of an atom mainly comes from proton and neutron

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10
Q

What is atomic number?

A

Number of protons in the nucleus

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11
Q

What is mass number?

A

Number of protons+number of neutrons

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12
Q

What is isotope?

A

Atom that contains same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

Atomic number same but different mass number

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13
Q

Is it correct in a stable isotope their nucleus do not have a tendency to lose subatomic particles?

A

Yes

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14
Q

What is radioactive isotope?

A

A radioactive isotope ,the nucleus decays spontaneously and giving off particles and energy.

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15
Q

What happens a radioactive isotope decays?

A

It cause changes in the number of protons and it transforms the atom to an atom of different element.

Eg.if Carbon 14 decays,it loses a proton and becoming Nitrogen

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16
Q

What is energy?

A

The capacity to cause change

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17
Q

What is potential energy?

A

The energy possessed by matter because of its location or structure.

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18
Q

Potential energy of an electron

A

The more distant an electron is from the nucleus,the greater its potential energy

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19
Q

An electron can exist only at certain energy level.True or false?

A

True

20
Q

What is energy shell of an electron?

A

Characteristics average distance from nucleus and certain energy level

21
Q

The energy level of first shell

A

The first shell is closest to nucleus and electron in this shell have lowest potential energy

22
Q

What happens when an electron absorbs energy?

A

It moves to shell farther out from the nucleus( move to higher energy level)

23
Q

What happens when an electron lose energy?

A

It falls back to the shell closer to the nucleus and the lost energy is released as heat

24
Q

What represents Rows of the Periodic Table?

A

The number of electron shells

25
Q

What represents column of the Periodic Table?

A

Group of the elements that have the similar properties

26
Q

Chemical behavior of an atom depends on

A

number of valence electrons in their outermost shell

27
Q

Do proton and neutron take part in chemical reactions?

A

No,electrons are only responsible for chemical reactions

28
Q

An atom with a completed valence shell is called

A

unreactive or inert

29
Q

What is orbital?

A

The 3D space where an electron is found 90% of the time

30
Q

The first shell has ______ orbital

A

one s orbital (Spherical)

31
Q

The second shell has______ orbitals

A

One s orbital (spherical) and three p orbital(dumbbell)

total four orbitals

32
Q

How many electrons can occupy in single orbital?

A

2

33
Q

What are strongest kind of chemical bonds?

A

Covalent bonds
Ionic bonds in dry ionic compounds(due to lattice structure)

Ionic bonds in aqueous solution are weak interaction

34
Q

How covalent bond can be formed?

A

By sharing a pair of valence electrons between two atoms

35
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

The tendency of an atom to attract an shared electron

36
Q

What is octet rule?

A

The atom need to have 8 electrons in their outermost shell to thermodynamically stable

37
Q

Non polar covalent bond

A

Electronegativity difference between 2 atoms is 0-0.4
so the electrons are shared equally

38
Q

Polar covalent bond

A

Electronegativity differences between two atoms is 0.4-1.9

So electrons spend more time near the more electronegative elements forming partial positive charge and partial negative charge

39
Q

Electronegativity differences in Ionic bond

A

greater than 1.9

40
Q

What happens in ionic bond?

A

Electrons are given off to more electronegative elements forming ions of opposite charged

41
Q

Types of ions

A

Positive ions-Cation
Negative ions-Anion

Cats are Pussytive

42
Q

What is intramolecular force?

A

Forces between different atoms inside a molecule

Responsible for shape,stability and reactivity

43
Q

What is intermolecular force?

A

Forces that exist between molecules in space

44
Q

What is hydrogen bond?

A

bond between H and O,N,F

45
Q

What is chemical reaction?

A

The making and breaking of bonds leading to changes in composition of matter is called chemical reaction

46
Q

All chemical reactions are theoretically reversible,True or False?

A

True

47
Q

What is chemical equilibrium?

A

The chemical equilibrium is reached when the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal

Biology (16 decks)

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