Biology and its themes Flashcards
Levels of biological organization
Atoms-Molecules-Organelles-Cells-Tissues-Organs-Organisms-Populations-Community-Ecosystems-Biosphere
Cell Theory
All living organism is made up of cell,the basic unit of life
Cell types
Prokaryotic cells-Bacteria and Archea
Eukaryotic cells-Plants,animals,protists,fungi
Difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells
1.Nucleus
2.Membrane bound organelles
3.DNA
4.Size
Central dogma
Replication-DNA copies by itself
Transcription-DNA into RNA
Translation-RNA into Protein
Genetic material is present in
Chromosomes
(in the form of Deoxyribonucleic acid)
Structure of DNA
DNA molecule is made up of 2 strands arranged in double helix and containing 4 kinds of nucleotides A,T,C and G
Each chromosome contains
One long DNA molecule
How genes control protein synthesis indirectly?
The sequence of nucleotides is transcribed into mRNA and translated into a linked series of protein building blocks called amino acids
Do all RNA produce protein?
No,non coding RNA has their different functions
Input of energy in ecosystem comes from
Sun
Energy flows through an ecosystem in _____ direction
One
Energy entering the ecosystem as _____ and exiting as ______
Light,heat
Feedback mechanism
The self-regulation ability of many biological processes
Most common type of feedback mechanisms in organisms
Negative feedback
What is negative feedback?
A loop in which a response reduces the initial stimulus
Eg.insulin signaling
What is Positive feedback?
A loop in which the end product speeds up its own reaction
Eg.Blood clotting and platelets production
What is three domain of life?
Bacteria
Archea
Eukarya
Eukarya consists of
Plants-multicellular
Animals-multicellular
Fungi-multicellular
Protist-Unicellular
What is Producer?
Producers use energy and inorganic materials to make food
What is Consumer?
Consumers take food by eating producers or other living things.
What is Decomposer?
Decomposers break down dead organisms and other organic wastes and releases inorganic molecules to the environment
Reverse Transcription
RNA to DNA by reverse trancsriptase
What is epigenetic?
Specific part of DNA is activated or muted determining which proteins are produced leading to different phenotype of cell
