Carbon

Question 1

Electronic configuration of Carbon

Answer 1

Carbon has 6 electrons——>1s2 2s2 2p4

so it has 4 valence electrons that can form 4 covalent bonds

Question 2

Bond that can be formed by carbon

Answer 2

Single bond
Double bond
Triple bond

Question 3

What is the structure of molecule if carbon forms 4 single covalent bonds with other atoms?

Answer 3

Tetrahedral shape

Question 4

What is the structure of molecule if 2 carbon forms a double bond with other atoms?

Answer 4

Linear

Both carbon are in same plane and the atoms also are

Question 5

Is CO2 organic compound?

Answer 5

No,it lacks hydrogen

Question 6

What is hydrocarbon?

Answer 6

Organic molecules containing only carbon and hydrogen

Question 7

How can carbon skeleton vary?

Answer 7

1)length
2)Branching
3)Double bond position
4)Presence of rings

Question 8

properties of hydrocarbons

Answer 8

They are hydrophobic compounds and can undergo reaction that releases large amount of energy

Eg.Fat contain long hydrocarbon tails(hydrophobic ) and non-hydrocarbon(hydrophilic)compartments
As a overall,fats are hydrophobic b/c of presence of long hydrocarbon tails

Question 9

Isomers of organic molecules

Answer 9

1)Structural isomers
2)cis-trans isomers
3)Enantiomers

Question 10

what is structural isomers?

Answer 10

Organic molecules that have same molecular formula but different structures (differs in covalent bond arrangements)

Eg.C5H12 Pentene and 2-Methylbutane

Question 11

What is cis-trans isomer?

Answer 11

2 molecules that their carbon have the covalent bond to same atom but these atoms differ in their spatial arrangement due to the inflexibility of double bonds

Cis-Two atoms are on same side
Trans-Two atoms are on opposite side

Question 12

Single bonds and double bond differences

Answer 12

Atoms that joined to single bond can rotate freely without changing the compound

Double bonds do not permit the rotation of its atoms

Question 13

What is enantiomers?

Answer 13

Organic molecule isomers that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon

Like left hand and right hand

Question 14

Are all enantiomers are biologically active?

Answer 14

No,only one isomers is biologically active.

Eg.In ibuprofen,only S enantiomer is effective and R enantiomer is ineffective
(sold as mixture of two enantiomers)

Question 15

What is organic isomers?

Answer 15

Compounds that have same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different in structure (also different in properties)

Question 16

What is functional group?

Answer 16

A chemical group in organic compound that involved directly in chemical reactions

Question 17

What are most important functional groups in biological processes?

Answer 17

1)Hydroxyl(-OH)Alcohol______Active /Hydrophilic
2)Carbonyl(C=O)Ketone and aldehyde _______Active /Hydrophilic
3)Carboxyl(-COOH)carboxylic acid _______Active /Hydrophilic
4)Amine(-NH2) _______Active /Hydrophilic
5)Sulfhydral group(-SH)Thiol _______Active
6)Phosphate(OPO3*2-)Organic phosphate_______Active /Hydrophilic
7)Methyl(-CH3) Methylated compound _______inactive

Question 18

What is ATP?

Answer 18

Adenosine Triphosphate

Contains adenosine attached to 3 phosphate groups

Question 19

What is ADP?

Answer 19

Adenosine Diphosphate

Because of lost of one phosphate group

Question 20

Function of ATP

Answer 20

Stores energy i.e.storing potential energy to react with water

Releases a large amount of energy when react with water(ATP——>ADP)