Lipid Metabolism Fat Digestion

Question 0

Esterified to glycerol to triglyceride

Answer 0

Degradation of stored triglyceride

Question 1

Undergoes oxidation to generate energy

Answer 1

Dietary lipids

Question 2

Endogenous synthesis

Answer 2

Simple lipids to complex lipids

Question 3

Degradation of complex lipids

Answer 3

Complex lipids to fatty acids derivatives

Question 4

Example of complex lipids to fatty acids derivatives

Answer 4

Arachidonic acid to eicosanoids

Question 5

2 kinds of eicosanoids

Answer 5

Prostanoids

Leukotrine

Question 6

Example of prostanoids

Answer 6

Prostaglandins
Thromboxane
Prostacyclin

Question 7

Chemical mediators of inflammation

Answer 7

Leukotriene

Question 8

Metabolism of lipids

Answer 8

Metabolism of fatty acids

Question 9

Process of storage of fatty acids

Answer 9

Triglyceride synthesis

Question 10

Storage form of fatty acids

Answer 10

Triacylglycerol

Question 11

Most abundant lipid in diet

Answer 11

Triacylglycerol

Question 12

TAG that are solid in room temperature

Answer 12

FAT

Question 13

TAG that are liquid at room temperature

Answer 13

Oil

Question 14

Lipolytic or fat digesting enzymes

Answer 14

Lipases

Question 15

Lingual lipase

Location

Answer 15

Dorsal tonque, ebners gland

Question 16

Lingual lipase

Affectivity

Answer 16

Short chain fatty acids

Question 17

Lingual lipase

Stability

Answer 17

Acid stable

Not easily degraded by low pH

Question 18

Fatty acids from diet

Answer 18

Long chain

Question 19

Gastric lipase

Location

Answer 19

Stomach, mucosal cells

Question 20

Gastric lipase

Affectivity

Answer 20

Short chain fatty acids

Question 21

Gastric lipase

Stability

Answer 21

Acid stable

Not easily degraded by low pH

Question 22

Most important lipase in fats digestion

Answer 22

Pancreactic lipase

Question 23

Bile acids and bile salts

Answer 23

Not digestive enzymes

Question 24

Connect three fatty acids to the molecule of glycerol

Answer 24

Ester bonds

Question 25

There is no way they can cleave the ester bonds

Answer 25

Bile salts and acids

Question 26

Function of bile salts and bile acids

Answer 26

Emulsification, dispurse fat globules to smaller fat droplets emulsions

Question 27

Primary bile acids Location of formation

Answer 27

Liver

Question 28

Primary bile acids Synthesized from

Answer 28

Cholesterol

Question 29

Primary bile acids Example

Answer 29

Cholic acid | Chenodeoxycholic acid

Question 30

Secondary bile acids Location of formation

Answer 30

Small intestine via bacterial enzymes

Question 31

Secondary bile acids Synthesized from

Answer 31

Primary bile acids

Question 32

Secondary bile acids Examples

Answer 32

Deoxycholic acid | Lithocholic acid

Question 33

Amount of bile acids/salts formed

Answer 33

500mg/day

Question 34

Interruption of enterohepatic circulation of BS and BA

Answer 34

Give cholesteramine

Question 35

Conversion of cholesterol to primary bile acids Process

Answer 35

Cholesterol from liver, converted to primary bile acids by 7alpha hydroxylase

Question 36

Conversion of cholesterol to primary bile acids Rate limiting enzyme

Answer 36

7 alpha hydroxylase

Question 37

7 alpha hydroxylase inhibited by?

Answer 37

Cholic acid

Question 38

Conversion of cholesterol to primary bile acids Co factor

Answer 38

Vitamin C

Question 39

Primary means of removing cholesterol in the body

Answer 39

Convert to primary bile acids

Question 40

Conversion of primary bile acids to primary bile salts Process

Answer 40

``` Primary bile acids from liver Combines with taurine and glycine Primary salts goes to gall bladder Out in common bile duct Goes to intestine Helps fat digestion and absorption ```

Question 41

Not part of the 21 basic amino acid because no codon that specify in genetic code.

Answer 41

Taurine

Question 42

Without taurine and glycine

Answer 42

Bile acids

Question 43

With taurine and glycine

Answer 43

Bile salts

Question 44

Re circulation of bile acids and bile salts Process

Answer 44

1. Primary bile salt deconjugate by bacterial enzyme to remove taurine and glycine to become bile acid once again and absorbed in portal circulation 2. Same sa 1, but after the removal of taurine and glycine another bacterial enzyme deconjugate in primary bile acid to produce secondary bile acid then absorbed in portal circulation 3. Taurine and glycine after released from deconjugation will be absorbed in portal circulation 4. Primary bile salt can excreted in the feces directly

Question 45

Drug that lower blood cholesterol level

Answer 45

Cholestyramine

Question 46

How cholestyramine inhibit enterohepatic circulation of bile acids

Answer 46

First, this drug bind with cholic acid. Kapag mataas ang cholic acid, inhibit nya si 7alpha hydoxylase, so walang conversion ng cholesterol to primary bile acids, so kaya direct na neeliminate ang cholesterol via the feces

Question 47

Alpha esterase enzyme

Answer 47

Pancreatic lipase or steapsin

Question 48

Pancreatic lipase or steapsin Enzymatic activity

Answer 48

Hydrolysis of primary ester linkages result to C1 and C3 of TAG and release of 1st and 3rd fatty acid Cannot hydrolize secondary ester bonds the C2 of TAG

Question 49

Pancreatic lipase or steapsin End product

Answer 49

2 monoacyl glycerol ( 2 carbon and 1 fatty acid ) 1st and 3rd fatty acids

Question 50

Steapsin reaction | Reaction 1

Answer 50

TAG to 2 monoacyl Glycerol and 1st and 3rd fatty acid

Question 51

Steapsin reaction Reaction 1 Enzyme

Answer 51

Steapsin

Question 52

Steapsin reaction Reaction 1 Enzymatic acitivity

Answer 52

Hydrolyze primary ester bonds

Question 53

Steapsin reaction Reaction 1 Co factor

Answer 53

Colipase, synthesized from the pancreas

Question 54

Steapsin reaction | Reaction 2

Answer 54

3MAG | 1MAG

Question 55

Steapsin reaction Reaction 2 Enzyme

Answer 55

Isomerase

Question 56

Steapsin reaction Reaction 2 Enzymatic activity

Answer 56

Transfer the 2nd fatty acid attached to C2 to C1 or C3

Question 57

Steapsin reaction | Reaction 3

Answer 57

1or3MAG to glycerol + fatty acid

Question 58

Steapsin reaction Reaction 3 Enzyme

Answer 58

Steapsin

Question 59

Steapsin reaction Reaction 3 Enzyme activity

Answer 59

Hydrolyze primary ester bonds

Question 60

Incomplete fat digestion

Answer 60

Stereo specific numbering