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Biochem Prelim 2nd Sem > Lipid Metabolism Fat Digestion > Flashcards

Lipid Metabolism Fat Digestion Flashcards

0
Q

Esterified to glycerol to triglyceride

A

Degradation of stored triglyceride

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1
Q

Undergoes oxidation to generate energy

A

Dietary lipids

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2
Q

Endogenous synthesis

A

Simple lipids to complex lipids

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3
Q

Degradation of complex lipids

A

Complex lipids to fatty acids derivatives

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4
Q

Example of complex lipids to fatty acids derivatives

A

Arachidonic acid to eicosanoids

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5
Q

2 kinds of eicosanoids

A

Prostanoids

Leukotrine

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6
Q

Example of prostanoids

A

Prostaglandins
Thromboxane
Prostacyclin

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7
Q

Chemical mediators of inflammation

A

Leukotriene

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8
Q

Metabolism of lipids

A

Metabolism of fatty acids

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9
Q

Process of storage of fatty acids

A

Triglyceride synthesis

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10
Q

Storage form of fatty acids

A

Triacylglycerol

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11
Q

Most abundant lipid in diet

A

Triacylglycerol

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12
Q

TAG that are solid in room temperature

A

FAT

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13
Q

TAG that are liquid at room temperature

A

Oil

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14
Q

Lipolytic or fat digesting enzymes

A

Lipases

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15
Q

Lingual lipase

Location

A

Dorsal tonque, ebners gland

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16
Q

Lingual lipase

Affectivity

A

Short chain fatty acids

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17
Q

Lingual lipase

Stability

A

Acid stable

Not easily degraded by low pH

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18
Q

Fatty acids from diet

A

Long chain

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19
Q

Gastric lipase

Location

A

Stomach, mucosal cells

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20
Q

Gastric lipase

Affectivity

A

Short chain fatty acids

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21
Q

Gastric lipase

Stability

A

Acid stable

Not easily degraded by low pH

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22
Q

Most important lipase in fats digestion

A

Pancreactic lipase

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23
Q

Bile acids and bile salts

A

Not digestive enzymes

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24
Q

Connect three fatty acids to the molecule of glycerol

A

Ester bonds

25
Q

There is no way they can cleave the ester bonds

A

Bile salts and acids

26
Q

Function of bile salts and bile acids

A

Emulsification, dispurse fat globules to smaller fat droplets emulsions

27
Q

Primary bile acids

Location of formation

A

Liver

28
Q

Primary bile acids

Synthesized from

A

Cholesterol

29
Q

Primary bile acids

Example

A

Cholic acid

Chenodeoxycholic acid

30
Q

Secondary bile acids

Location of formation

A

Small intestine via bacterial enzymes

31
Q

Secondary bile acids

Synthesized from

A

Primary bile acids

32
Q

Secondary bile acids

Examples

A

Deoxycholic acid

Lithocholic acid

33
Q

Amount of bile acids/salts formed

A

500mg/day

34
Q

Interruption of enterohepatic circulation of BS and BA

A

Give cholesteramine

35
Q

Conversion of cholesterol to primary bile acids

Process

A

Cholesterol from liver, converted to primary bile acids by 7alpha hydroxylase

36
Q

Conversion of cholesterol to primary bile acids

Rate limiting enzyme

A

7 alpha hydroxylase

37
Q

7 alpha hydroxylase inhibited by?

A

Cholic acid

38
Q

Conversion of cholesterol to primary bile acids

Co factor

A

Vitamin C

39
Q

Primary means of removing cholesterol in the body

A

Convert to primary bile acids

40
Q

Conversion of primary bile acids to primary bile salts

Process

A 
Primary bile acids from liver
Combines with taurine and glycine
Primary salts goes to gall bladder
Out in common bile duct
Goes to intestine
Helps fat digestion and absorption
41
Q

Not part of the 21 basic amino acid because no codon that specify in genetic code.

A

Taurine

42
Q

Without taurine and glycine

A

Bile acids

43
Q

With taurine and glycine

A

Bile salts

44
Q

Re circulation of bile acids and bile salts

Process

A
  1. Primary bile salt deconjugate by bacterial enzyme to remove taurine and glycine to become bile acid once again and absorbed in portal circulation
  2. Same sa 1, but after the removal of taurine and glycine another bacterial enzyme deconjugate in primary bile acid to produce secondary bile acid then absorbed in portal circulation
  3. Taurine and glycine after released from deconjugation will be absorbed in portal circulation
  4. Primary bile salt can excreted in the feces directly
45
Q

Drug that lower blood cholesterol level

A

Cholestyramine

46
Q

How cholestyramine inhibit enterohepatic circulation of bile acids

A

First, this drug bind with cholic acid. Kapag mataas ang cholic acid, inhibit nya si 7alpha hydoxylase, so walang conversion ng cholesterol to primary bile acids, so kaya direct na neeliminate ang cholesterol via the feces

47
Q

Alpha esterase enzyme

A

Pancreatic lipase or steapsin

48
Q

Pancreatic lipase or steapsin

Enzymatic activity

A

Hydrolysis of primary ester linkages result to C1 and C3 of TAG and release of 1st and 3rd fatty acid

Cannot hydrolize secondary ester bonds the C2 of TAG

49
Q

Pancreatic lipase or steapsin

End product

A

2 monoacyl glycerol ( 2 carbon and 1 fatty acid )

1st and 3rd fatty acids

50
Q

Steapsin reaction

Reaction 1

A

TAG to 2 monoacyl Glycerol and 1st and 3rd fatty acid

51
Q

Steapsin reaction
Reaction 1

Enzyme

A

Steapsin

52
Q

Steapsin reaction
Reaction 1

Enzymatic acitivity

A

Hydrolyze primary ester bonds

53
Q

Steapsin reaction
Reaction 1

Co factor

A

Colipase, synthesized from the pancreas

54
Q

Steapsin reaction

Reaction 2

A

3MAG

1MAG

55
Q

Steapsin reaction
Reaction 2

Enzyme

A

Isomerase

56
Q

Steapsin reaction
Reaction 2

Enzymatic activity

A

Transfer the 2nd fatty acid attached to C2 to C1 or C3

57
Q

Steapsin reaction

Reaction 3

A

1or3MAG to glycerol + fatty acid

58
Q

Steapsin reaction
Reaction 3

Enzyme

A

Steapsin

59
Q

Steapsin reaction
Reaction 3

Enzyme activity

A

Hydrolyze primary ester bonds

60
Q

Incomplete fat digestion

A

Stereo specific numbering

Biochem Prelim 2nd Sem (13 decks)

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