Alcoholism

Question 0

NAD+ requiring enzyme

Answer 0

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 1

Drinking alcohol that passes first through the liver

Answer 1

Ethanol

Question 2

Alcohol dehydrogenase oxidizes ethanol to?

Answer 2

Acetaldehyde

Question 3

Oxidizes acetaldehyde to become acetate

Answer 3

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 4

Second major pathway for ethanol metabolism

Found in SER predominantly in mitochondria

Answer 4

MEOS or microsomal ethanol oxidizing system

Question 5

MEOS involves

Answer 5

Cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1)

Question 6

MEOS requires ________ instead of NAD+

Answer 6

NADPH

Question 7

MEOS induced in individuals who?

Answer 7

Chronically consume alcohol

Question 8

A non oxidative pathway of alcohol

Answer 8

FAEE or fatty acid ethyl ester

Question 9

Formation of fatty acid ethyl esters

Highly susceptible to the toxic effects of alcohol

Answer 9

FAEE

Question 10

Pwede din ito sa metabolism ng alcohol kaya labg kailangan ng _______ at _______ kaya walang major role ito sa normal conditions.

Answer 10

Peroxisomes

Catalase
Hydrogen peroxide

Question 11

This can be lead to severe hypoglycemia because of increase production of NADH

Answer 11

Decrease gluconeogenesis

Increase glycolysis

Question 12

This can lead to lactic acidosis because of increase production of NADH

Answer 12

Increase pyruvate that converted to lactate

Increase ketoacidosis

Question 13

1% of alcohol in the blood

Answer 13

.10 of BAC

Question 14

Mild impairement

Answer 14

0.0-0.05

Question 15

Increase impairement

Answer 15

0.06-0.15

Question 16

Severe impairement

Answer 16

0.16-0.30

Question 17

Life threatening

Answer 17

0.31-0.45

Question 18

Wernickes encephalopathy triads of symptoms

Answer 18

Mental confusion
Ataxia
Opthalmoplegia

Question 19

Nagkakaroon ng wernickes encephalopathy ang mga lasingger because of lack of?

Answer 19

Thiamine or vitamin B1

Question 20

Cause of fatty liver

Answer 20

Accumulation of triglycerides and other fats in the liver cell

Question 21

Conversion of carbs to fats

Answer 21

Lipogenesis

Question 22

Increase in fatty liver

Answer 22

Lipogenesis
Fatty acids
NADH
Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

Question 23

Decrease in fatty liver

Answer 23

NAD
Dehydrogenase
Catabolism

Question 24

inhibited by the low NAD+/NADH ratio

Answer 24

Dehydrogenase

Question 25

Potential pathophysiologic mechanisms for fatty liver include the following:

Answer 25

• Decreased mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation
• Increased endogenous fatty acid synthesis or enhanced delivery of fatty acids to the liver
• Deficient incorporation or export of triglycerides as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)

Question 26

normal circumstances:reduction of NAD (NAD to NADH) is finely regulated by the

Answer 26

Krebs cycle

Question 27

excess production of superoxide radicals via the interaction of CYP2E1 with

Answer 27

Cytochrome reductase

Question 28

Elevated levels of oxygen radicals can generate a state of oxidative stress, which through various mechanisms leads to

Answer 28

Cell damage

Question 29

Oxygen radicals also can interact with fat molecules (lipids) in the cell in a process known as

Answer 29

Lipid peroxidation