Ketogenesis Flashcards
Three ketone bodies
Acetoacetic Acid
Acetone
Beta-HydroxyButyric Acid
Biosynthesis of three ketone bodies
Ketogenesis
Ketogenesis
Location
Mitochondrial fraction of the liver
Ketogenesis
Substrate
Acetyl Coa
From beta oxydation
Ketogenesis
Obligatory intermediate
HMG COA or pro Hydroxy Methyl Glutaryl CoA
May dalawang pathways na kung saan ikaw ay may HMG CoA
Ketogenesis
Cholesterol biosynthesis
Firstketone bodies na masisynthesized ay
Aceto acetic acid
Reaction 1
2 Acetyl CoA to
Acetoacetyl CoA
Reaction 1
Enzyme
Thiolase
Reaction 2
Acetoacetyl CoA + Acetyl CoA to
3 Hydroxy 3 methyl CoA (HMG-CoA)
Reaction 2
Enzyme
HMG CoA Synthetase
Reaction 3
HMG CoA to
Acetoacetic Acid + Acetyl CoA
Reaction 3
Enzyme
HMG CoA lyase
Acetoacetic Acid to acetone
Reaction
Decarboxylation
Acetoacetic Acid to acetone
Reaction process
CO2 goes out
CO2 from Carboxyl Group of Acetoacetic Acid
Acetoacetic Acid to acetone
Reversible or Irreversible?
Irreversible
Acetoacetic Acid to Beta Hydroxybutyric Acid
Enzyme
Beta hydroxybutyrate DH
Acetoacetic Acid to Beta Hydroxybutyric Acid
Reaction
Reduction
Acetoacetic Acid to Beta Hydroxybutyric Acid
Reducing agent
NADH
Acetoacetic Acid to Beta Hydroxybutyric Acid
Reaction process
Acetoacetic Acid reduced
NAD as electron acceptor to NADH
Acetoacetic Acid to Beta Hydroxybutyric Acid
Reversible or irreversible?
Reversible
Happens when glucose metabolism is impaired
Ketone bodies and fatty acids used instead of glucose
Excessive ketogenesis
Clinical conditions if with glucose impairment
Diabetes mellitus
Starvation
Complication if you have diabetes mellitus or starvation
Metabolic Acidosis kasi depleted yung bicarbonate
Oxidation of ketone bodies
Acetoacetic Acid + Succinyl CoA to
Acetoacetyl CoA + Succinic Acid
Oxidation of ketone bodies
Enzyme
Acetoacetate Succinyl CoA Transferase ( Thiophorase )
Absent in the liver
Oxidation of ketone bodies
Enzymatic reaction
Transfer CoA from Succinyl to Acetoacetic Acid
Acetoacetyl CoA to Acetyl CoA
Enzyme
Ketothiolase
Acetoacetyl CoA to Acetyl CoA
Type of enzyme
Splitting enzyme
Acetoacetyl CoA to Acetyl CoA
Reaction process
Acetoacetyl CoA split to 2 acetyl CoA
Regulation of ketogenesis
No allosteric enzyme
No regulatory step
Other regulation of ketogenesis
Increase rate of lipolysis will increase fatty acids level
Increase rate of beta oxidation will increae production of axetyl CoA
More acetyl CoA shunted to ketogenic pathway, increase production of Ketone bodies
