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Biochem Prelim 2nd Sem > Extra mitochondrial lipogenesis > Flashcards

Extra mitochondrial lipogenesis Flashcards

0
Q

Acetyl CoA + Oxaloacetate

A

Citrate

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1
Q

Derivation of Acetyl CoA

A 
Glucose
Glycolysis
Forms pyruvate
Pyruvate goes inside mitochondria
Become pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Acetyl CoA
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2
Q

Enzyme used in pyruvate to acetyl coa

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

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3
Q

Majority of acetyl CoA enters

A

Kreb cycle

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4
Q

Enzyme that catalyze acetyl coa +oxalo actetate to form citrate

A

Citrate synthase

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5
Q

Commited step in krebs

A

Acetyl coa + oxaloacetate to form citrate catalyze by citrate synthase

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6
Q

Pero darating yung time na masyado ng madaming ATP, magkakaroon ng excess acetylo CoA

A

So sa halip naumasok sa krebs si citrate lalabas sya sa mitochondria by shuttle mechanism

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7
Q

Splitting citrate into acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate

A

Citrate lyase

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8
Q

So ang acetyl coa na lumabas sa mitochondria papauntang cytoplasm, pwede mo syang magamit sa?

A

Lipogenesis

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9
Q

Reaction 1

A

Acetyl CoA (2carbon) + C02 to malonyl CoA (3 carbon )

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10
Q

Reaction 1

Enzyme

A

Acetyl CoA carboxylase (commited enzyme)

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11
Q

Reaction 1

Prosthetic group

A

Biotin

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12
Q

Reaction 1

Type of reaction

A

C02 fixation reaction

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13
Q

Reaction 1

Reaction process

A

Acetyl CoA combines with CO2 na nangagaling sa HCO3. CO2 combines with biotin at ang biotin ang mag ttra sfer ng CO2 sa acetyl CoA to form malonyl CoA

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14
Q

Rate limiting step and repeating step

A

Reaction 1

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15
Q

Reaction 1.1

A

Carboxylation of biotin

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16
Q

ATP+ HCO3+biotin enzyme complex to

Carboxy Biotin Acetyl CoA carboxylae complex

A

Reaction 1.1 carboxylation of biotin

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17
Q

Reactin 1.2

A

Transfer of carboxyl

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18
Q

Acetyl CoA + biotin to malonyl Coa

Reaction 1.2
Enzyme

A

Acetyl CoA carboxylase

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19
Q

Acetyl CoA + biotin to malonyl Coa

Reaction 1.2

Prosthetic group

A

Biotin or

Carboxy biotin acetyl coa carboxylase complex

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20
Q

Binds to biotin

Removes biotin

A

Avidin

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21
Q

Dahil sa avidin no intermediate acceptor of CO2 so

A

Rate limiting step doesnt take place

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22
Q

Rate limiting step and committed step

A

Reaction 1

Reaction 1.2

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23
Q

Regulate acetyl CoA carboxylase

A

Allosteric enzyme

Covalently regulated enzyme

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24
Q

Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase and regulation

A

Palmitic acid
Citrate
Phosphorylation and dephosphorilation

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25
Q

Active form of acetyl CoA carboxylase is an aggregate of a

A

Protomer of acetyl coa carboxylase

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26
Q

Binds to an allosteric site in the enzyme that lead to inhibition of acetyl coa carboxylase

A

Palmitic acid

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27
Q

Causes aggregation and promotes lipogenesis

A

Citrate

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28
Q

Dephosphorylate the enzyme ACC and activate it

A

Insulin

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29
Q

Phosphorylate the enzyme ACC and deactivates it

A

Glucagon and epinephrine

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30
Q

Reaction 2 (ACP step)

A

Malonyl CoA + ACP-SH to malonyl Acyl Carrier Protein + CoASH

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31
Q

Reaction 2

Enzyme

A

Malonyl transacylase

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32
Q

ACP-SH

A

Fatty acid synthase complex

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33
Q

Both ACP and COA contain

A

Phospopantetheine group

34
Q

Components of phosphopatntheine group

A

Phosphoric acid

Panthotenic acid

35
Q

Vitamin B complex

A

Panthotenic acid

36
Q

Panthotenic acid components

A

Beta alanine

Sulfhydryl group

37
Q

Where fatty acid being elongated attaches

A

Sulfhydryl group

38
Q

Attaches to the fatty acid synthetase enzyme complex

A

Acyl carrier protein or ACP

39
Q

Attaches to an aterenic acid nucleotide

A

Coenzyme A or COA

40
Q

Acetyl CoA activated

A

Acetate

41
Q

Succinyl CoA activated

A

Succinate

42
Q

Malonyl is attached to

A

Acyl carrier protein

43
Q

Fatty acid syntethase enzyme complex made up of

A

2 polypetide chain

44
Q

Fatty acid synthetase enzyme complex

Each polypeptide chain

A

There are 7 enzymes

45
Q

Fatty acid synthetase enzyme complex

Each polypeptide chain has an

A

Acyl carrier protein

Sulfhydryl group

46
Q

Fatty acid synthetase enzyme complex

Malonyl binds only in the

A

Central sulfhydryl group

47
Q

Fatty acid synthetase enzyme complex

Sulfhydryl group which happens to be the side chain of the amino acid cysteine

A

Peripheral sulfhydryl group

48
Q

Fatty acid synthetase enzyme complex

1st timer molecule which is acetyl coming from acetyl coa will bind to

A

Peripheral sulfhydryl group

49
Q

Fatty acid synthetase enzyme complex

Position of 7 enzyme systems in each polypeptide chain

A

69 position

50
Q

Fatty acid synthetase enzyme complex

2 functional group

A

4 enzyme coming from the first polypeptide
3 enzyme from second polypeptide

Once contains the ACP and other 1 contains sulfhydryl group

51
Q

Reaction 3

A

1st Condensation step

52
Q

Reaction 3 or 1st condensation step

A 
Malonyl ACP (3carbon) + acetyl CoA (2carbon) to
Acetacetyl ACP (4carbon) + CO2 (1carbon)
53
Q

Reaction 3

Enzyme

A

Acetyl transacylase

Ketoacyl synthase

54
Q

During condensation reaction

A

Add 2 carbon atoms

55
Q

Reaction 3

Reaction process

A

Malonyl ACP combines with acetyl CoA = 5 carbons
( hindi naman pwede yung odd kaya)
Release CO2 minus 1
That formed acetoacetyl ACP formed total 4 carbon

56
Q

Reaction 4

A

Reduction step

57
Q

Reaction 4 or reduction step

A 
Acetoacetyl ACP (4carbon) to
Beta hydroxyacyl ACP (4carbon)
58
Q

Reaction 4

Enzyme

A

Ketoacyl reductase

59
Q

Reaction 4

Reducing agent

A

NADPH

Add electrons to the ketone group to become hydroxy group

60
Q

Reaction 5

A

Dehydration step

61
Q

Reaction 5 or dehydration step

A

Beta hydroxyacyl ACP (carbon) to

Alpha, Beta unsaturated Acyl- ACP (4carbon)

62
Q

Reaction 5

Enzyme

A

Hydratase

63
Q

Reaction 6

A

Reduction step part 2

64
Q

Reaction 6 or reduction step part 2

A

Alpha, Beta unsaturated Acyl-ACP (4carbon) to

Butyryl -ACP (4carbon)

65
Q

Reaction 6

Enzyme

A

Enoyl reductase

66
Q

Reaction 6

Reducing agent

A

NADPH

67
Q

Reaction 6

Butyryl ACP

A

Saturated

Goes back to reaction 3

68
Q

Cycling steps

A 
Butyryl ACP (4carbon) + Malonyl ACP (3carbon) to
ACyl-ACP (6carbon) + CO2 (1carbon)
69
Q

Reaction 7

A

Release of fatty acid from the fatty acid synthase complex

70
Q

Reaction 7 final step

A

Produce palmitic acid

71
Q

Reaction 7

A

Deacylase (thioesterase)

72
Q

Sources of NADPH

A

HMP shunt

Malic enzyme reaction

73
Q

Malate to pyruvate

Enzyme

A

NADP malate dehydrogenase

Oxidoreductase

74
Q

Enzyme activity of malic enzyme

A

Oxidative decarboxylation reaction

75
Q

Sphingomyelin catabolism

Reaction 1

A

Sphingomyelin to ceramide + phophorylcholine

76
Q

Sphingomyelin catabolism reaction 1 enzyme

A

Sphingomyelinase

77
Q

Sphingomyelin catabolism reaction 2

A

Ceramide + phosphorylcholine to

Sphingosine + fatty acid

78
Q

Sphingomyelin catabolism reaction 2

Enzyme

A

Ceramidase

79
Q

How do you convert saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid?

A

Use desaturate enzymes and elongases

80
Q

We can only introduce the double bond from

A

Carbon 9 down to carbon 1

81
Q

Long chain saturated fatty acid + lysophosphoglyceride

A

Phopholipase A1

82
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acid + lysophophoglyceride

A

Phospholipase A2

Biochem Prelim 2nd Sem (13 decks)

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