Lipid Metabolism Flashcards
What do lipid molecules contain?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
What is the most abundant lipid in the body?
Trigycerides
What is lipolysis?
Breaking down of lipids which can be converted to puyruvic acid or channeled directly into TCA cycle
How does hydrolysis split triglycerides?
Into 1 molecule of glycerol
3 fatty acids
What is beta oxidation?
Where diffrent enzymes convert fatty acids to acetyl CoA
What happens during the fasting and prolonged exercise stage?
Adipicytes hydrolize TAGs into fatty acids and glycerol
What happens to fatty acids since they aren’t soluble in blood?
The bind to albumin and transported to other tissue
How is glycerol formed?
By lipolysis and is absorbed by the liver and phosphorylated and oxidized to dihydixyacetone po4 and isomerased to glyceraldehyde 3 po4
What are ketone bodies?
When acetyl coA produces 3 C derivatives and the derivatives are called ketone bodies
What are the ketones?
Acetoacetic acid
B hydroxybutuyric acid
Acetone
What is ketogenesis?
The formation of ketone bodies
How are ketone bodies formed?
Where 2 acetyl CoA combine to form acetoacetate which the breaks into Ɓ hydrobutyric acid and acetone which are considered ketone bodies
What happens when ketone bodies are in the tissues?
They are converted back to acetyl CoA which enters citric acid cycle to produce atp
What is acidosis?
During starvation or in patients with diabetes mellitus the rate of fat metabolism increases and ketone bodies increase to produce condition of ketosis the increased number of ketone bodies can exceed bodies buffering system which results in acidosis the decrease in blood ph
Why do cells require lipids?
To maintain plasma membrane and steroids must reach target cells in many different tissues
What are the sources of lipids?
Digestive tract
Adipose tissue where excess lipids have been stored
Liver where lipids are synthesized
What are 5 classes of lipoprotein?
Chlomicrons
Very low density
Intermediate density
Low density
High density
What is the lipoprotein structure?
Contains triglycerides and cholesterol esters and surrounded by a single layered coat of phospholipds and free cholesterol and apoproteins attached to the coat
What are VLDLs?
Carry triacglycerols from liver for storage or energy generation
What are IDLs?
Carry remnants of VLDLs from peripheral tissues back to liver for use in synthesis
What are LDLS?
Transports cholesterol from liver to peripheral tissues where it us used in cell membranes or steroid synthesis
What are HDLs?
Transports cholesterol from dead cells back to liver where is is converted to bile salts
