Cell Membrane Chemistry And Anatomy Flashcards
What separates the interstitial fluid from be cytoplasm?
The plasma membrane
What surrounds the cell?
Interstitial fluid
What are the functions of the Plasma Membrane?
Physical Isolation(it acts as barrier prevent the interstitial fluid and cytosol to mix)
Structural Support(It anchors cells and tissue)
Monitors the environment (The fluid composition and chemical signals)
Regulates exchange with the environment (ion and nutrients enter and waste products are eliminated)
What forms a bilayer around plasma membrane?
Phospholipids
What is the function of membrane proteins?
They act as stabilizers
Identifiers
Enzymes
Carrier proteins
Channels
Receptor proteins
What are the major function of proteins?
Metabolic reaction
Coordination and control
Support
Movement
Buffering
Transport
What is the structure of an amino acid?
It is structured in a way that it has an amino group and carboxyllic group and a variable group
What are the function of Membrane carbohydrates?
They consist of proteoglycans,glycoproteins and glycolipids which form a sticky coat outside of the cell membrane called glycocalyx
What is the function of glycocylax?
Anchoring and locomotion
Protection and lubrication
Receptors
(Immune response)
What is the structure of fatty acids?
They consists of Long chains of carbon and hydrogen and at the end of the chain is a Carboxyllic bond
What is the cytoskeleton?
The structural protein for strength and shape it consists of microfilaments,micro tubules and intermediate filaments
What are the functions of the microfilaments?
Provide additional mechanical strength,pair with the thick filament myosin and interact with proteins for consistency
What is the function of intermediate filaments?
Provide strength and stabalixe the position of other oragelles
What are the functions of microtubules
Firm centrioles,cilia and flagella
Align and move organelles
Provide support,rigidity
Alter shape of cell
What does the selective permeability of the Plasma membrane depend on?
Lipid solubility
Size of cell
Molecular shape
Electric charge
What are the factors that affect diffusion?
Electric forces
Distance
Temperature
Concentration gradient size
Molecule size
What is osmosis?
It’s where water moves from a high concentration to a low concentration
Water will move to where there is more solute(as there is a low water concentration)
What are aquaporins?
These are transmembrane proteins which water molecules move in a single line
What are the diffrent tonicities?
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
What is Isotonic?
Solution does not cause osmotic flow in or out of the cell
What is hypotonic?
Where there are less salutes therefore takes in water and causes cell to burst
What is hypertonic?
This is where there are high salutes in cell therefore it loses water through osmosis causing the Cell to shrink
What is the diffrence between facilitated diffusion and carrier mediated diffusion?
Facilitated uses channels pores whereas carruer mediated uses a specific carrier protein
What is endocytosis?
Active transport that happens inside of the cell
Also consists of pinocytosis and phagocytosis
What happens during receptor mediated endocytosis?
Where glycoproteins bind to liagands
What is the purpose of a endosome(coated vessicle)
It carries ligands and receptors into the cell
What is the sodium potassium exchange pump?
This is a type of carrier transportation (that is active)
Where Na moves out of cell and K moves in and it takes 1 Atp molecule to move 3 Na and 2 K
This coutertransports 2 molecules at a time
What is the function of microfilaments?
They anchor the cytoskeleton to integral part of proteins
Interact with other proteins to produce cellular movement
What is the purpose of intermediate filaments?
They provide strength and stabilize position of other organelles
What is the function of microtubles?
Provide cell strength
Alters shape of cell and assist with cell movement
Form centrioles,cilia and flagella
Align and move organelles within the cell
