Intergration Of Metabolism Flashcards
What is the Fed state?
During and shortly after eating and absorption of nutrients occur
What is the fasting stage?
When the GI tract is empty
And energy sources are supplied by breaksown of reserves
What are the sources of blood glucose?
Glycogenolysis in liver
Glyogenolysis in skeletal muscle
Lipolysis in adipose tissue and liver
Catabolism of cellular protein during prolonged fasting
What is glucose release stimulated by?
Declining blood glucose
Rising amino acid levels
What does glucagon promote?
Glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis in liver
Lipolysys in adipose tissue
After a high protein low carb meal
What are hepatocytes?
Regulate plasma cholesterol levels
Store vitamins and minerals
Metabolize alcohol,drugs,hormones
What is cholesterol?
Structural basis of bile salts,steroid hormones and vit D
Major component of plasma membranes
Are high levels of HDL thought to protect against heart attack?
Yes
What lipoprotein can increase levels of a heart attack?
LDL
What do Trans fats do?
Increase LDLs and reduces HDL
Where are unsaturated Omega 3 fatty acids found?
In cold water fish
What happens during starvation?
Carbohydrate reserves are depleted
Protein sources are low
Hepatic glycogenolysis deregulates
Increase in rT3 and metabolic rate slows down
Renal glucogenesis increases
Lipolysis and ketogenesis become the primary metabolic pathway
Fats deplete and muscle metabolize til death or end of starvation
What happens during fasting?
Insulin levels are low
Glucagon levels rise
Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis are upregulated
Lipolysis is upregulated and FFA are mobilized
When prolonged,B oxidation will increase FFA and a state of ketosis develops
Ketones replace glucose as the main source and muscle proteins are sparred as gluconeogenesis Decreases
Low insulin
Low L3
High ketogenic glucagon
High rT3
