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MBS217 > Anatomy Of The Respiratory System > Flashcards

Anatomy Of The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal
Sphenoid
Maxillary
Ethmoid air cells

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2
Q

What are the cartilage found in the larynx?

A

Corniculate
Arytenoid
Cricoid
Thyroid
Cuneiform
Epiglottis

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3
Q

What are the muscles of inspiration?

A

Diaphragm
External intercostals
SCM
Ant post support serratus
Scalene
Levator costarum

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4
Q

What are the expiration muscles?

A

Abdominals
Internal intercostals
Post inf serratus
Transverse Thoracis
Pyramidal

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5
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation?

A

The physical movement of air In and out of the resp tract and provides alveolar ventilation

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6
Q

What is the air blood brain barrier(Respiratory Membrane)?

A

0.5ųm thick air blood barrier
The aveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes
The alveolar walls have a single layer of squamous epithelium -type 1 cells
Scattered type 2 cuboidal cells secrete surfactant and antimicrobial proteins

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7
Q

What are the divisions of the centers of the medulla oblongata?

A

Dorsal respiratory group
Ventral respiratory group

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8
Q

What is the Dorsal Respiratory group?

A

The inspiration center
Functions in quiet and forced breathing

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9
Q

What is the Ventral Respiratory group?

A

Inspiration and expiration
Functions only in forced breathing

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10
Q

What are the modes of breathing?

A

Quiet breathing
Inhalation requires muscles of contraction of diaphragm and external intercostals
And exhalation is passive

Forced Breathing
Inhalation(SCM and scalenes)
Exhalation(Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles)

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11
Q

What happens in forced breathing?

A

Increased activity of the dorsal respiratory group will stimulate the ventral respiratory group and activates accessory inspiration muscles
After exhalation the expriatory center neurons stimulate active exhalation

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12
Q

What does the Apneustic center do?

A

Provides continuous stimulation to its DRG center

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13
Q

What are the Apneustic and pneumotaxic centers of the Pons?

A

They are paired nuclei that adjust output of the respiratory rhythmically centers and Regulate resp rate and depth of respiration

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14
Q

What do the pneumotaxic centers do?

A

Inhibit the Apneustic centers and promote passive or active exhalation

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15
Q

What is the nasopharynx?

A

An air passage lined by pseudostratified columnar epilethileum

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16
Q

What is the Orophayrnx?

A

Passage for food and air and is line with stratified squamous epithelium

17
Q

What is the larangopharynx?

A

Food and air passage lined with stratified squamous epithelium

18
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath under resting conditions

19
Q

What is inspiration reserve volume?

A

The amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal inhalation

20
Q

What is Expiratiry reserve volume?

A

The amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal exhalation

21
Q

What is resididual volume?

A

The amount of air remaining in the lungs after forced exhalation

22
Q

What are Obstructive disorders?

A

Increased airway resistance
Asthma,COPD,Emphysema and Chronic bronchitis

23
Q

What are restrictive diseases?

A

Loos of airway compliance
Cystic fibrosis and Pulmonary fibrosis

24
Q

How are the right and left lungs different?

A

The left lung is smaller and is separated by two lobes by an oblique fissure whereas the right lung has 3 lobes separated by the oblique and horizontal fissures

25
Q

What is surfactant?

A

A phospholipid produced by alveolar type 2 cells and it lowers surface tension by reducing attractive forces of Hydrogen bonding by becoming interspersed between water molecules

26
Q

What happens when aveloli radius Decreases?

A

Surfactants ability to lower surface tension increases

27
Q

What is surface tension?

A

The force exerted by fluid in alveoli to resist distension(lungs secrete and absorb fluid which leaves a thin film and this film causes surface tension

28
Q

What are the Controls of Respiration?

A

Chemoreceptors -sensitive to PCO2 P02 or PH of blood or CSF
Baroreceptors-in aortic or carotid arteries are sensitive to changes in blood pressure
Stretch receptors -respond to changes in lung volume
Irritating or chemical stimuli in nasal cavity
Other sensations-Pain,temp, abnormal visceral sensations

29
Q

What is hypercapnia?

A

Increase in Aterial PCO2
And stimulation of Chemoreceptors in the medulla
And is caused by hypoventilation (Low resp rate allows for CO2 buildup in blood)

30
Q

What causes hypocapnia?

A

Hyperventilating and stimulation of Chemoreceptors to decrease resp rate

31
Q

What are respiratory centers strongly influenced by from?

A

Cranial nerve IX,X and receptors that monitor CSF

MBS217 (27 decks)

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