Development Of The Nervous System

Question 1

How is the nervous system formed?

Answer 1

Where at the end of gastrulation the notochord is laid down and embryo changes from circular organization to to an axial one

Question 2

How do the the germ layers form?

Answer 2

During gastulation the cells will move to the inside of the Embryro and for 3 germ layers

Question 3

What are the 3 germ layers and their function?

Answer 3

The Endoderm which is the deepest layer and it gives rise to the guts
The Mesoderm which is the middle layer which will give ruse to the rest of the organs
The ectoderm which will give rise to the skim and nervous system

Question 4

What is cephalisation?

Answer 4

It’s the development of the anterior portion of the CNS

Question 5

What is neurulation?

Answer 5

When the neural tube forms from the ectoderm

Question 6

How does the neural plate form?

Answer 6

The the notochord sends out signals to certain type of cells

Question 7

What does the anterior end of the neural tube give rise to?

Answer 7

Three primary vessicles which are the
Procesaphalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

Question 8

What are the secondary vessdicles and their origin?

Answer 8

The Telencephalon and Diencephalon -Forebrain
The Mesencephalon remains undivided
-The Metencephalon and Myelencephalon gives rise to hindbrain

Question 9

What does the descending tracts do?

Answer 9

The will conduct nerve impulses from brain to motor neurons reaching muscles and glands

Question 10

What the ascending tracts do?

Answer 10

They will conduct nerve impulses to the brain

Question 11

What is the primary motor cortex?

Answer 11

It us by the frontal lobe and it controls voluntarily the skeletal muscles

Question 12

What is the primary sensory cortex?

Answer 12

It is the parietal lobe
It controls perception,touch,temperature,pain ect.

Question 13

What is the Olfactory and Auditory cortex?

Answer 13

It is the temporal lobe and It controls the olfactory and auditory stimuli

Question 14

What is the visual cortex?

Answer 14

It is the the occipital lobe and controls perception of visual stimulus

Question 15

What is association areas?

Answer 15

It is all the lobes and it’s for intergration and processing

Question 16

What are the 3 types of functional areas?

Answer 16

Motor areas
-Controlling voluntary movement
Sensory areas
-Conscious of perception and sensation

Question 17

What is the somatic motor pathway?

Answer 17

The uppr motor neurons and the lower motor neurons

Question 18

What are the upper motor neurons?

Answer 18

These neurons cell body is located in the central nervous system processing center and the will synapse with the lower motor neurons in the brainstem or spinal cord
These are usually known as the Pyrimydial neurons and full classification is multipolar projection neurons

Question 19

What are the lower motor neurons?

Answer 19

They are located in the brain stem or spinal cord and synapse with a skeletal muscle fibers which forms a single motor unit which where the lmn when activated will cause contraction of the skeletal muscles

Question 20

What is the prefrontal area?

Answer 20

It is the are that forms and plans and initates movement

Question 21

What is the promoter area?

Answer 21

It is an area that organises motor functions before they are initiated on the primary motor cortex

Question 22

What is the primary motor cortex?

Answer 22

It initiates the motor plan that is found on the prescentral gyrus and it is organized as the motor homuniculus and this ensures finess of controled movement much of it is dedicated to moving muscles of fingers and for speech and the stimulation of a specific motor neuron in primary motor cortex will generate contraction of a specific skeletal muscle

Question 23

What is the primary sensory cortex?

Answer 23

Located in the postcentral gyrus and its known to be the sensory homuniculus where the front has enormous features than the back this is due to the fact that the areas such as lips and tongue have more cortical neurons than the back because more neurons are required to process information from tongue to back

Question 24

What is the multimodal association areas?

Answer 24

It recieved inputs from multiple sensory neurons and sends outputs to multiple areas and thus allows us give meaning to information recieved ,store it as memory,compare to previous memory and decide on what action to take

Question 25

What are the three parts of the multimodal association area?

Answer 25

Anterior (prefrontal cortex)
Posterior
Limbic

Question 26

What is the anterior association area?

Answer 26

It is the most complicated
It is involved with intellect recognition and personality
Development depends on feedback from social environment and contains working memory needed for judgment and reasoning

Question 27

What is the posterior association area?

Answer 27

Involves with understanding written and spoken language (Wernickes area)
Also it’s the last portion in the occipital temporal and parietal lobes
It’s responsible for recognizing patterns and faces

Question 28

What is the limbic association area?

Answer 28

It is part of the limbic system and provides emotional impact that helps to create memories