Lipid - Lowering Agents T-2

Question 1

What is the action of lipid lowering agents?

Answer 1

• lower serum levels of cholesterol and lipids

- prevention of CAD

Question 2

What are some unmodifiable risk factors for CAD:

Answer 2

• genetic predisposition
• age
• gender

Question 3

What are some modifiable risk factors for CAD:

Answer 3

• gout
• cigs
• sedentary lifestyle
• high stress levels
• HTN
• obesity
• diabetes
• untreated bacterial infections
• treatment w/tetracycline and fluororoentgenography

Question 4

What are some causes of hyperlipidemia?

Answer 4

• excessive dairy intake of fats

- genetic alterations in fat metabolism leading to a variety of elevated fats in blood

Question 5

What are are the drugs used to treat hyperlipidemia?

Answer 5

• bile acid sequestrates
• HMG - CoA inhibitors
• Fibrates
• Niacin
• Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors

Question 6

Indications for bile acid sequestrates?

Answer 6

• reduces elevated cholesterol in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia
• pruritus associated with partial biliary obstruction

Question 7

Contraindications of bile acid sequestrates:

Answer 7

• allergy
• complete biliary obstruction
• abnormal intestine function
• pregnancy and lactation

Question 8

Adverse effects of bile acid seq:

Answer 8

• headache
• fatigue
• nausea and constipation
• increased bleeding times
• vitamin A and E deficiencies

Question 9

Drug to drug interactions for bile acid seq:

Answer 9

• malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins

- thiazide diuretics, digoxin, warfarin, thyroid horomones, and corticosteroids

Question 10

What are the indications for HMG-CoA inhibitors:

Answer 10

adjunct to diet in the treatment of elevated cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL; increase HDL-C in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia; treat familial hypercholesterolemia and two+ risk factors for CAD

Question 11

Contraindications for HMG - CoA inhibitors:

Answer 11

• allergy
• active liver disease or hx of alcoholic liver disease
• pregnancy or lactation

Question 12

Cautions for HMG-CoA inhibitors:

Answer 12

impaired endocrine function

Question 13

Adverse effects for HMG-CoA inhibitors:

Answer 13

• GI symptoms: flatulence, abdominal pain, cramps, N/V, constipation
• CNS: headache, dizziness, blurred vision, insomnia, fatigue
• liver failure
• rhabdomylosis

Question 14

Drug to drug interactions for HMG-CoA inhibitors:

Answer 14

• erythromycin, cyclosporine, gemfibrozil, niacina
• digoxin, warfarin
• estrogen
• grapefruit juice

Question 15

Indications for cholesterol absorption inhibitors:

Answer 15

• lower serum cholesterol levels
• treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
• treat homozygous sitsterolemia

Question 16

Contraindications for cholesterol absorption inhibitors:

Answer 16

• allergy

- pregnancy and lactation

Question 17

Cautions for cholesterol absorption inhibitors:

Answer 17

• pregnancy or lactation (mono therapy)
• elderly patients
• liver disease

Question 18

Adverse effect for cholesterol absorption inhibitors:

Answer 18

• abdominal pain and diarrhea
• headache, dizziness, fatigue, URI, back pain
• muscle aches and pain

Question 19

Drug to drug interactions for cholesterol absorption inhibitors:

Answer 19

• cholestyamine, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, antacids
• cyclosporine
• fibrates
• warfarin

Question 20

Prototype bile acid:

Answer 20

cholestyramine

Question 21

Prototype HMG-CoA inhibitor:

Answer 21

Atorvastatin

Question 22

Prototype cholesterol absorption inhibitors:

Answer 22

Ezetimibe

Question 23

Agents used to lower lipid levels:

Answer 23

• niacin
• fenofibrate
• gemfibrozil