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Pharm 161 > Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation T-2 > Flashcards

Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation T-2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are two types for blood disorders?

A
  • Thromboembolic disorder

- Hemorrhagic disorder

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2
Q

Conditions that predispose a person to the formation of clots and emboli is called?

A

Thromboembolic disorder

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3
Q

A disorder in which excess bleeding occurs is called?

A

Hemorrhagic disorder

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4
Q

What are the actions of anticoagulants?

A

Interfere with the clotting cascade and thrombin formation

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5
Q

Antiplatelets alter the formation of?

A

The platelet plug

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6
Q

Thrombolytic drugs breakdown?

A

The thrombus that has been formed by stimulating the plasmid system.

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7
Q

What drug inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation by blocking receptors sites on the platelet membrane and blocks the production of platelets in the bone marrow (anagrelide)?

A

Antiplatelets

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8
Q

What are the indications for antiplatelets?

A

To reduce the risk of recurrence t TIAs or strokes; reduce death or non fatal MI; MI prophylaxis; anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects.

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9
Q

What are contraindications of platelets?

A
  • allergy
  • pregnancy
  • lacatation
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10
Q

Cautions for antiplatelets:

A
  • bleeding disorder
  • recent surgery
  • closed-head surgery
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11
Q

Adverse effects of antiplatelets?

A
  • bleeding
  • headache
  • dizziness
  • weakness
  • GI distress
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12
Q

Drug to drug interaction for antiplatelets:

A

Another drug that affects blood clotting

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13
Q

Anticoagulant drugs:

A
  • warfarin (Coumadin)
  • heparin
  • antithrombin (thrombate iii)
  • argatroban (acova)
  • buvalirudin (angiomax)
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14
Q

What anticoag maintains a state of anticoagulation when a patient is susceptible to potentially dangerous clot formation?

A

Warfarin (coumadin)

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15
Q

What anticoag inhibits the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin?

A

Heparin

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16
Q

What anticoag is used for hereditary anthithrombin III deficiencies replacement therapy in congenital antithrombin III deficiency?

A

Antithrombin (thrombate iii)

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17
Q

What anticoag is used to treat thrombosis in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia?

A

Argatroban (acova)

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18
Q

What anticoag is used with aspirin to prevent ischemic events in patients undergoing transluminal coronary angioplasty?

A

Bivalirudin (angiomax)

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19
Q

Contraindications of anticoagulants:

A
  • allergy and condition that could be compromised by increased bleeding tendencies
  • pregnancy
  • renal disorders
  • hepatic disorders
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20
Q

Cautions for anticoagulants:

A
  • CHF
  • thyrotoxicisis
  • senility
  • psychosis
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21
Q

Adverses effects of anticoagulants:

A
  • bleeding
  • GI upset
  • hepatic dysfunction
  • alopecia
  • dermatitis
  • bone marrow suppression
  • prolonged and painful erection
22
Q

Drug to drug interactions for anticoagulants:

A
  • heparin and oral anticoagulants
  • Salicylate
  • penicillins
  • cephalosporins
  • heparin and nitroglycerin
  • warfarin has lots of interactions
23
Q

How does low-molecular-weight heparin inhibit thrombus and clothes formation?

A

By blocking factors Xa and Iia

24
Q

Why does a low-molecular-weight heparin cause fewer systemic adverse effects?

A

Because it does not greatly affect thrombin, clotting, or prothrombin times

25
What does low-molecular-weight heparin block?
Angiogenesis: the process that allows cancer cells to develop new blood vessels
26
what is low-molecular-weight heparins indicated for?
Prevention of clots and emboli formation after certain surgeries or bed rest
27
What drug activates plasminogen to plasminogen, which in turn breaks down fibrin threads in a clot to dissolve a formed clot?
Thrombolytic agents
28
What are the indications for thrombolytic agents?
- acute MI - pulmonary emboli - ischemic stroke
29
Contraindications of thrombolytic agents:
- allergy | - any condition that would be worsened by dissolution of clots
30
Adverse effects of thrombolytic agents:
- bleeding - cardiac arrhythmias - hypotension - hypersensitivity: rash, flushing, bronchospasm, and anaphylactic reaction
31
Drugs to drug interaction for thrombolytic agents:
- Anticoagulants | - antiplatelets
32
Bleeding disorders treated with clotting factors?
- hemophilia - liver disease - bone marrow disorders
33
What is it called when you have a lack of genetic clotting factors that leaves the patient vulnerable to excessive bleeding with any injury?
Hemophilia
34
What disease makes clotting factors and proteins needed for clotting not be produced?
Liver disease
35
____________ ___________ cause platelets to not be formed in sufficient quantity to be effective
Bone marrow disorders
36
What kind of drugs replace clotting factors that are either genetically missing or low in a particular type of hemophilia?
Antihemophilic
37
What are the indications for antihemophilic drugs?
To prevent blood loss from injury or surgery and to treat bleeding disorders
38
Contraindications for antihemophilic drugs:
- allergy - factor IX in the presence of liver disease - lactation
39
Caution for antihemophilic drugs:
- Pregnancy
40
What are adverse effects of antihemophilic drugs:
- involve risks associated with the use of blood products - headache - flushing - fever - chills - lethargy - nausea - vomiting - stinging, itching, and burning at the site of injection
41
What drug type stops the natural plasminogen clot-dissolving mechanism by blocking its activation or by directly inhibiting plasmin?
Systemic hemostatic agents
42
What are some indications for systemic hemostatic agents?
Prevent or treating excess bleeding in hyperfibrinolytic states
43
Contraindications for systemic hemostatic agents:
- allergy | - acute DIC
44
Cautions for systemic hemostatic agents:
- cardiac disease - renal or hepatic dysfunction - pregnancy and lactation
45
Adverse effects of systemic hemostatic agents:
- excessive clotting - CNS: hallucinations, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, and psychotic states - GI: Nausea, cramps, diarrhea - weakness, fatigue, malaise, and muscle pain - Aprotinin: cardiac arrhythmias, MI, CHF, and hypotension
46
Drug to drug interactions for systemic hemostatic agents:
- heparin | - oral contraceptives or estrogen
47
Prototype for antiplatelets:
Aspirin
48
Prototype anticoagulants:
Heparin
49
Prototype thrombolytic agents:
Urokinase
50
Prototype for antihemophilic drugs:
Antihemophilic factor
51
Prototype for systemic hemostatic agents:
Aminocaproic acid

Pharm 161 (10 decks)

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