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Pharm 161 > Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation T-2 > Flashcards

Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation T-2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are two types for blood disorders?

A
  • Thromboembolic disorder

- Hemorrhagic disorder

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2
Q

Conditions that predispose a person to the formation of clots and emboli is called?

A

Thromboembolic disorder

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3
Q

A disorder in which excess bleeding occurs is called?

A

Hemorrhagic disorder

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4
Q

What are the actions of anticoagulants?

A

Interfere with the clotting cascade and thrombin formation

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5
Q

Antiplatelets alter the formation of?

A

The platelet plug

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6
Q

Thrombolytic drugs breakdown?

A

The thrombus that has been formed by stimulating the plasmid system.

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7
Q

What drug inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation by blocking receptors sites on the platelet membrane and blocks the production of platelets in the bone marrow (anagrelide)?

A

Antiplatelets

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8
Q

What are the indications for antiplatelets?

A

To reduce the risk of recurrence t TIAs or strokes; reduce death or non fatal MI; MI prophylaxis; anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects.

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9
Q

What are contraindications of platelets?

A
  • allergy
  • pregnancy
  • lacatation
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10
Q

Cautions for antiplatelets:

A
  • bleeding disorder
  • recent surgery
  • closed-head surgery
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11
Q

Adverse effects of antiplatelets?

A
  • bleeding
  • headache
  • dizziness
  • weakness
  • GI distress
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12
Q

Drug to drug interaction for antiplatelets:

A

Another drug that affects blood clotting

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13
Q

Anticoagulant drugs:

A
  • warfarin (Coumadin)
  • heparin
  • antithrombin (thrombate iii)
  • argatroban (acova)
  • buvalirudin (angiomax)
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14
Q

What anticoag maintains a state of anticoagulation when a patient is susceptible to potentially dangerous clot formation?

A

Warfarin (coumadin)

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15
Q

What anticoag inhibits the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin?

A

Heparin

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16
Q

What anticoag is used for hereditary anthithrombin III deficiencies replacement therapy in congenital antithrombin III deficiency?

A

Antithrombin (thrombate iii)

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17
Q

What anticoag is used to treat thrombosis in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia?

A

Argatroban (acova)

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18
Q

What anticoag is used with aspirin to prevent ischemic events in patients undergoing transluminal coronary angioplasty?

A

Bivalirudin (angiomax)

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19
Q

Contraindications of anticoagulants:

A
  • allergy and condition that could be compromised by increased bleeding tendencies
  • pregnancy
  • renal disorders
  • hepatic disorders
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20
Q

Cautions for anticoagulants:

A
  • CHF
  • thyrotoxicisis
  • senility
  • psychosis
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21
Q

Adverses effects of anticoagulants:

A
  • bleeding
  • GI upset
  • hepatic dysfunction
  • alopecia
  • dermatitis
  • bone marrow suppression
  • prolonged and painful erection
22
Q

Drug to drug interactions for anticoagulants:

A
  • heparin and oral anticoagulants
  • Salicylate
  • penicillins
  • cephalosporins
  • heparin and nitroglycerin
  • warfarin has lots of interactions
23
Q

How does low-molecular-weight heparin inhibit thrombus and clothes formation?

A

By blocking factors Xa and Iia

24
Q

Why does a low-molecular-weight heparin cause fewer systemic adverse effects?

A

Because it does not greatly affect thrombin, clotting, or prothrombin times

25
Q

What does low-molecular-weight heparin block?

A

Angiogenesis: the process that allows cancer cells to develop new blood vessels

26
Q

what is low-molecular-weight heparins indicated for?

A

Prevention of clots and emboli formation after certain surgeries or bed rest

27
Q

What drug activates plasminogen to plasminogen, which in turn breaks down fibrin threads in a clot to dissolve a formed clot?

A

Thrombolytic agents

28
Q

What are the indications for thrombolytic agents?

A
  • acute MI
  • pulmonary emboli
  • ischemic stroke
29
Q

Contraindications of thrombolytic agents:

A
  • allergy

- any condition that would be worsened by dissolution of clots

30
Q

Adverse effects of thrombolytic agents:

A
  • bleeding
  • cardiac arrhythmias
  • hypotension
  • hypersensitivity: rash, flushing, bronchospasm, and anaphylactic reaction
31
Q

Drugs to drug interaction for thrombolytic agents:

A
  • Anticoagulants

- antiplatelets

32
Q

Bleeding disorders treated with clotting factors?

A
  • hemophilia
  • liver disease
  • bone marrow disorders
33
Q

What is it called when you have a lack of genetic clotting factors that leaves the patient vulnerable to excessive bleeding with any injury?

A

Hemophilia

34
Q

What disease makes clotting factors and proteins needed for clotting not be produced?

A

Liver disease

35
Q

____________ ___________ cause platelets to not be formed in sufficient quantity to be effective

A

Bone marrow disorders

36
Q

What kind of drugs replace clotting factors that are either genetically missing or low in a particular type of hemophilia?

A

Antihemophilic

37
Q

What are the indications for antihemophilic drugs?

A

To prevent blood loss from injury or surgery and to treat bleeding disorders

38
Q

Contraindications for antihemophilic drugs:

A
  • allergy
  • factor IX in the presence of liver disease
  • lactation
39
Q

Caution for antihemophilic drugs:

A
  • Pregnancy
40
Q

What are adverse effects of antihemophilic drugs:

A
  • involve risks associated with the use of blood products
  • headache
  • flushing
  • fever
  • chills
  • lethargy
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • stinging, itching, and burning at the site of injection
41
Q

What drug type stops the natural plasminogen clot-dissolving mechanism by blocking its activation or by directly inhibiting plasmin?

A

Systemic hemostatic agents

42
Q

What are some indications for systemic hemostatic agents?

A

Prevent or treating excess bleeding in hyperfibrinolytic states

43
Q

Contraindications for systemic hemostatic agents:

A
  • allergy

- acute DIC

44
Q

Cautions for systemic hemostatic agents:

A
  • cardiac disease
  • renal or hepatic dysfunction
  • pregnancy and lactation
45
Q

Adverse effects of systemic hemostatic agents:

A
  • excessive clotting
  • CNS: hallucinations, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, and psychotic states
  • GI: Nausea, cramps, diarrhea
  • weakness, fatigue, malaise, and muscle pain
  • Aprotinin: cardiac arrhythmias, MI, CHF, and hypotension
46
Q

Drug to drug interactions for systemic hemostatic agents:

A
  • heparin

- oral contraceptives or estrogen

47
Q

Prototype for antiplatelets:

A

Aspirin

48
Q

Prototype anticoagulants:

A

Heparin

49
Q

Prototype thrombolytic agents:

A

Urokinase

50
Q

Prototype for antihemophilic drugs:

A

Antihemophilic factor

51
Q

Prototype for systemic hemostatic agents:

A

Aminocaproic acid

Pharm 161 (10 decks)

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