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Pharm 161 > Diuretic Agents T-2 > Flashcards

Diuretic Agents T-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Classes of diuretics:

A
  • thiazide and thiazide like
  • Loop
  • carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
  • potassium sparing
  • osmotic
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2
Q

What is the function of diuretic agents?

A
  • increased the amount of urine produced by the kidneys

- increased sodium excretion

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3
Q

Indications for diuretic use:

A
  • edema associated with CHF
  • acute pulmonary edema
  • liver disease
  • renal disease
  • hypertension
  • conditions that cause hyperkalemia
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4
Q

What drug type blocks the chloride pump and keeps chloride and the sodium in the tubule to be excreted in the urine, thus preventing the reabsorption of both in the vascular system?

A

Thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

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5
Q

What are the indications for thiazide/ thiazide like medications?

A
  • Treatment of edema associated with CHF, liver, or renal disease
  • mono-therapy or adjuncts for the treatment of HTN
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6
Q

Contraindications of thiazide/ thiazide like medications:

A
  • allergy to thiazide or sulfonamides
  • fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and renal and liver disease
  • bipolar disorders
  • pregnancy and lactation
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7
Q

Cautions if thiazide/thiazide like medications:

A
  • gout
  • systemic lupus
  • diabetes
  • hyperparathyroidism
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8
Q

Adverse effects of thiazide/ thiazide like medication:

A
  • r/t interference with the normal regulatory mechanisms or the nephron
  • hypokalemia
  • lithium
  • decreased calcium excretion
  • altered blood glucose levels
  • urine will be slightly alkalinized
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9
Q

Drug to drug interactions for thiazide/ thiazide like medications:

A
  • cholestyramjne or colestipol
  • digoxin
  • anti-diabetic agents
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10
Q

What is the first loop diuretic introduced?

*HINT: it’s used less frequently in the clinical setting.

A

Ethacrynic acid

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11
Q

What loop diuretic is more powerful than lasix?

*HINT: there are two they are newer!

A
  • bumex (bumetanide)

- demadex (torsemide)

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12
Q

What is the most commonly used loop diuretic?

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

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13
Q

Which diuretic blocks the chloride pump in the ascending loop of henle causing reabsorption of the sodium and chloride?

A

Loop

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14
Q

Indications for loop diuretics?

A
  • acute CHF
  • acute pulmonary edema
  • edema associated with CHF
  • edema associated with renal or liver disease
  • HTN
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15
Q

Contraindications of loop diuretics:

A
  • allergy
  • electrolyte depletion
  • anuria
  • severe renal failure
  • hepatic coma
  • pregnancy and lactation
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16
Q

Cautions for loop diuretics:

A
  • SLE
  • gout
  • DM
17
Q

Adverse effects of loop diuretics:

A
  • r/t the imbalance in electrolytes and fluid
  • hypokalemia
  • alkalosis
  • hypocalcemia
18
Q

Drug to drug interactions for loop diuretics:

A
  • Aminoglycosides or cisplatine
  • anticoagulation
  • indomethacin
  • ibuprofen
  • salicylates
  • NSAIDS
19
Q

What drug blocks the effects of carbonic anhydrase; slows down the movement of hydrogen ions.
*more sodium and bicarbonate are lost in the urine

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

20
Q

What are the indications for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

A
  • adjuncts to other diuretics

- glaucoma

21
Q

Contraindications for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors:

A
  • allergy

- angle closure glaucoma

22
Q

Cautions for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors:

A
  • lactation
  • fluid or electrolyte imbalances
  • renal or hepatic disease
  • adrenocortical insufficiency
  • respiratory acidosis
  • COPD
23
Q

Adverse effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors:

A
  • r/t disturbances in acid and base balance and electrolyte balances
  • metabolic acidosis
  • hypokalemia
  • paresthesias of extremities, confusion, drowsiness
24
Q

Drug to drug interactions for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors:

A
  • salicylates and lithium
25
Q

What kind of drug causes a loss of sodium while retain potassium and blocks the actions of aldosterone in the distal tubule?

A

potassium - sparing diuretic

26
Q

What are the indications of potassium - sparing diuretics?

A
  • adjuncts with thiazide or loop diuretics

- patients who are at risk for hypokalemia

27
Q

Contraindications for potassium - sparing diuretics:

A
  • allergy
  • hyperkalemia
  • renal disease
  • anuria
  • patients taking amiloride or triamterene
28
Q

Cautions for potassium - sparing diuretics:

A
  • pregnancy

- lactation

29
Q

Adverse effects for potassium - sparing diuretics:

A
  • hyperkalemia
30
Q

Drug to drug interactions for potassium - sparing diuretics:

A

salicylates

31
Q

What kind of drugs pull water into the renal tubule without sodium loss?

A

osmotic diuretics

32
Q

What are the indications for osmotic diuretics?

A

increased cranial pressure or acute renal failure due to shock, drug overdose, or trauma.

33
Q

Contraindications for osmotic diuretics:

A
  • renal disease and anuria
  • pulmonary congestion
  • intracranial bleeding, dehydration
  • CHF
34
Q

Adverse effects for osmotic diuretics:

A
  • related to sudden drop in fluid levels

- N/V, hypotension, light-headedness, confusion, and headache

35
Q

Prototype for thiazide/ thiazide like medication:

A

hydrochlorothiazide

36
Q

Prototype for loop diuretics:

A

Furosemide (lasix)

37
Q

Prototype for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors:

A

acetazolamide

38
Q

Prototype for potassium - sparing diuretics:

A

spironolactone

39
Q

Prototype of osmotic diuretics:

A

Mannitol

Pharm 161 (10 decks)

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