Cardiotonic Agents T-2

Question 1

What are some causes of CHF?

Answer 1

• CAD
• cardiomyopathy
• HTN
• valvular heart disease

Question 2

Treatments for CHF:

Answer 2

• vasodilators (ACE inhibitors and nitrates)
• diuretics
• beta adrenergic agonists

Question 3

What are the effects of cardiac glycosides?

Answer 3

• increased force of myocardial contraction
• increased cardiac output and renal perfusion
• increased urine output and decreased blood volume
• slowed heart rate
• decreased conduction velocity through the AV node

Question 4

Indications for cardiac glycosides:

Answer 4

Treatment of HF, atrial fibrillation

Question 5

Contraindications for cardiac glycosides:

Answer 5

• allergy
• v-tach/fib, heart block, or sick sinus syndrome
• idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
• acute MI, renal insufficiency, and electrolyte abnormalities

Question 6

cautions for cardiac glycosides:

Answer 6

• pregnancy and lactation

- pediatric and geriatric patients

Question 7

Adverse effects of cardiac glycosides:

Answer 7

• headache, weakness, drowsiness, and vision changes
• Gi upset and anorexia
• arrhythmia development

Question 8

Drug to drug interactions:

Answer 8

• verapamil, amiodarone, quinidine, quinine, erythromycin, tetracycline, or cyclosporine
• potassium losing diuretics
• cholestyramine, charcoal, colestipol, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, or methotrexate

Question 9

phosphodiesterase inhibitors are?

Answer 9

second class of drugs that act as cardio tonic agents

Question 10

What are the types of phosphodiesterase inhibitors?

Answer 10

• inamrinone (Inocor)

- milrinone (Primacor)

Question 11

What phosphodiesterase inhibitor is approved only for use in patient with HF that has not responded to digoxin, diuretics, or vasodilators?

Answer 11

inamrinone (inocor)

Question 12

What phosphodiesterase inhibitor is short term management of HF in patients who are receiving digoxin and diuretics?

Answer 12

milrinone (primacor)

Question 13

Contraindications of phosphodiesterase inhibitors:

Answer 13

• allergy

- severe aortic or pulmonic disease, MI, fluid volume deficit, and ventricular arrhythmias

Question 14

Cautions of phosphodiesterase inhibitors:

Answer 14

• pregnancy or lactation

- elderly

Question 15

Adverse effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors:

Answer 15

• arrhythmias
• hypotension
• N/V
• thrombocytopenia
• pericarditis
• pleuritis
• fever
• chest pain
• burning at injection site

Question 16

Drug to drug interactions for phosphodiesterase:

Answer 16

furosemide