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Frontier Training > Limitations > Flashcards

Limitations Flashcards

1
Q

FLIGHT MANEUVERING LOAD ACCELERATION LIMITS

A
  • Clean configuration -1.0g to +2.5g
  • “Dirty” (slats and / or flaps out): 0.0g to +2.0g
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2
Q

Approach Categories

A
  • 200/300/600 series… Cat C
  • 700 series… Cat D
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3
Q

STABILIZED APPROACH POLICY

A

1000’ AFE

  • Steady rate of decent not to exceed 1200’ / min

1000’/500 AFE

  • On correct lateral path (+/- one dot for ILS/LOC, 0.30NM cross track for RNAV, or 1/2 dot for VOR)
  • On the correct vertical path (Glidepath, +/- one dot)
  • In the final landing configuration (Landing gear and flaps extended, speed brakes retracted)
  • Absent any GPWS Warnings and Cautions
  • Landing Checklist completed

500’ AFE

  • Steady rate of decent not to exceed 1000’ / min
  • Within -5/+15 knots of target speed for approach
  • Thrust stabilized, usually above idle, commensurate with what is required to maintain target speed criteria.

* RNAV (RNP)/RNAV AR lateral and vertical approach parameters are more restrictive

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4
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL ENVELOPE

Max operational pressure altitude

A

39,800 feet pressure altitude

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5
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL ENVELOPE

max pressure altitude takeoff & landing

A

9,200 feet pressure altitude

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6
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL ENVELOPE

minimum pressure altitude for takeoff & landing

A

-2,000 feet pressure altitude

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7
Q

RUNWAY LIMITS

Runway Slope

A

+/- 2 %

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8
Q

RUNWAY LIMITS

Max runway altitude

A

9,200 feet

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9
Q

RUNWAY LIMITS

Min runway width

A
  • 100 feet / 30 meters (aircraft 227, 228, 229, 600 series)
  • All others = 148 feet / 45 meters
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10
Q

MAXIMUM WIND LIMITATIONS FOR TAKEOFF AND LANDING

A

Maximum wind limitations for takeoff and landing (include gust when applying this limit)

  • Max crosswind - All aircraft
    • Takeoff - 35kts
    • Landing - 38kts
  • Max tailwind - (200/300/600 series)
    • Takeoff - 15kts
    • Landing - 10 kts
  • Max tailwind - (700 series)
    • Takeoff - 10kts
    • Landing 10kts
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11
Q

CROSSWIND LIMITATIONS

CONTAMINATED and NARROW runways

A
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12
Q

RUNWAY LIMITATIONS

“Normal” width runway

Definition of

A

At least 148 ft / 45 meters wide

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13
Q

RUNWAY LIMITATIONS

Narrow runway

Definition of

A

Anything less than 148 feet / 45 meters wide

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14
Q

NARROW RUNWAY OPERATIONS

A
  • Applicable to 227-229, 600 series. Other aircraft not approved for narrow runways.
  • Autoland is not authorized
  • Diversion to NORMAL width runway is recommended in case of:
    • Rudder jam
    • Rudder pedal jam
    • Yaw damper fault
    • No nosewheel steering
    • Any wheel brake inoperative
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15
Q

SPEED LIMITATIONS

Max Tire Speed

A

195 kts groundspeed

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16
Q

SPEED LIMITATIONS

Max airspeed for operating windshield wipers

A

230 KIAS

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17
Q

SPEED LIMITATIONS

Max airspeed for opening cockpit window =

A

200 KIAS

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18
Q

SPEED LIMITATIONS

Max taxi speed in a turn =

A

Applicable to 200 series aircraft:

  • when weight is above 167,550 lbs, speed limit is 20 kts ground speed in a turn.
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19
Q

PASSENGER & CARGO DOOR LIMITATIONS

A
  • Max wind for passenger door operation: 65 kts
  • Max wind for cargo door operations: 40 kts
  • However, if the aircraft nose is oriented into the wind, or if the cargo door is on the leeward side of the aircraft, operation of the cargo door is permitted in winds up to 50 knots. If wind speed begins to exceed these limitations, the cargo door must be closed before the wind speed exceeds 65 kts.
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20
Q

SPEED LIMITATIONS

VMO / MMO

A

350 KIAS / .82 Mach

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21
Q

SPEED LIMITATIONS

Landing Gear Operation Speeds

A
  • VLO Retraction = 220kts/0.54 Mach
  • VLO Extension = 250kts/0.60
  • VLE Extended = 280kts/0.67 Mach
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22
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

PRESSURIZATION AND VENTILATION LIMITATIONS

Cabin Differential Pressure Limitations

A
  • Negative = -1.0 psi
  • Positive = 9.0 psi
  • Safety Relief Valve = 8.6 psi
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23
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

PRESSURIZATION AND VENTILATION LIMITATIONS

Ram Air Inlet

A

Will open only if differential pressure is less than 1 PSI.

NOTE: If differential pressure is greater than 1 psi, the check valve located downstream will not open, even if the ram air door has been selected open.

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24
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Air conditioning system parameters With LP ground unit

A

The flight crew must not use conditioned air from the PACKs and from the LP Air Conditioning Unit at the same time, to prevent any adverse effect on the Air Conditioning system.

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25
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Air conditioning system parameters With HP ground unit

A

PROHIBITED

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26
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Air conditioning system parameters

Avionics ventilation

A

The aircraft electrical system should not be powered for more than 2 hours without a cooling system when the outside air temperature is above 49°C.

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27
Q

STARTER DUTY LIMITATIONS

  • 200/700 series
  • 300 series
  • 600 series
  • APU
A
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28
Q

MAX N2 for starter usage

  • 200/700 series
  • 300 series
  • 600 series
A

Starter must not be used above:

  • 200/700 series – 20% N2
  • 300 series – 63% N2
  • 600 series – 20% N2
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29
Q

How many automatic start attempts is one cycle?

  • 200/700 series
  • 300 series
  • 600 series
A
  • 200/700 series = 3 start attempts
  • 300 series = 3 start attempts
  • 600 series = 2 start attempts
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30
Q

MAX CROSSWIND ON GROUND FOR ENGINE START

  • 300 series
  • 600 series
A
  • 300 series = 45 knots (but still limited to 35 knots crosswind for takeoff)
  • 600 series = 35 knots
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31
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

APU parameters and limitations

LOW OIL LEVEL ECAM advisory

A

The APU may be started and operated even if the LOW OIL LEVEL ECAM advisory is displayed. Maintenance action is required within the next 10 hours of APU operation.

NOTE: A logbook entry is NOT required after receiving this advisory message. Contact MCC to determine the status of required maintenance action.

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32
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

APU parameters and limitations

APU starter duty cycle

A
  • Required cooling time between each start attempt = 60 seconds
  • After three consecutive start attempts = 60 min
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33
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

APU parameters and limitations

EGT limitations

A

Maximum EGT: 675°C

Maximum EGT for Inflight Start:

  • At or above 35,000 feet = 1120°C
  • Below 35, 000 feet = 1090°C
34
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

APU parameters and limitations

Max rotor speed

A

107%

NOTE: the APU automatically shuts down at 107% N speed (ECAM display)

35
Q

APU start/shutdown during refueling/defueling:

A

During refuel/defuel procedures, APU starts or shutdown are permitted with the following restrictions:

  • If the APU failed to start or following an automatic APU shutdown, do not start the APU.
  • If a fuel spill occurs, perform a normal APU shutdown.
36
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

APU parameters and limitations

APU altitudes — maximum for APU start using battery power only

A

25,000 feet MSL

37
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

APU parameters and limitations

APU altitudes — maximum for APU start using normal electrics and APU operation.

A

39,000 feet MSL

38
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

APU parameters and limitations

APU altitudes — maximum One Pack Operation w/Electrical

A

22,500 feet MSL

39
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

APU parameters and limitations

APU altitudes — maximum altitude to assist Engine Start

A

20,000 feet MSL

40
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

APU parameters and limitations

APU altitudes — maximum Two Pack Operation w/Electrical

A

15,000 feet MSL

41
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

APU parameters and limitations

Can APU bleed air be used for wing anti-ice?

A

Not permitted

42
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Auto flight limitations

Autopilot minimum engagement height — after takeoff:

A

100 feet AGL (and at least 5 secconds after liftoff)

43
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Auto flight limitations

Autopilot minimum engagement height — Enroute:

A

900 feet AGL

44
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Auto flight limitations

Autopilot minimum engagement height — RNAV visual approach:

A

500 feet AGL

45
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Auto flight limitations

Autopilot minimum engagement height — Non-Precision Approaches:

A

DDA/DA

46
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Auto flight limitations

Autopilot minimum engagement height — Non-Autoland ILS with CAT 1 FMA:

A

160 feet AGL

47
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Auto flight limitations

Autopilot minimum engagement height — Non-Autoland ILS with CAT 2/3 FMA:

A

80 feet AGL

48
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Auto flight limitations

Autopilot minimum engagement height — GO-Around (if autopilot is not already engaged):

A

100 feet AGL

49
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Auto flight limitations

Autopilot minimum engagement height — Autoland Approach:

A

ROLLOUT/Taxi Speed

50
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Auto flight limitations

What is the limitation on the use of OPEN DES or DES mode during an approach?

A

The use of AP or FD in OPEN DES or DES mode is not permitted inside the FAF or below 1000 ft AGL on a visual approach.

Use V/S not OP DES, to ensure that the A/THR is in SPEED mode not IDLE.

51
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Autoland parameters

Who must be pilot flying for autolands?

A

The Captain is the PF for all autolands.

52
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Autoland parameters

Min runway width for autolands?

A

148 ft/45 m

53
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Autoland parameters

Approved flap settings

A
  • CONFIG 3 and CONFIG FULL are both permitted.
  • CONFIG FULL is recommended because of improved forward slant range visibility.
54
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Autoland parameters

Braking action limitations

A

Autolands are prohibited if braking action is reported less than medium.

55
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Autoland parameters

What conditions must be met in order to conduct an autoland?

A
  • CAT II/III runway
  • CAT II/III aircraft
  • crews CAT II/III trained
  • appropriate ground facilities are operational
  • wind within limits
  • braking action medium or better.

Automatic landing is not allowed below -1000 ft pressure altitude.

56
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Autoland parameters

When is an autoland REQUIRED?

A

Autoland is required below CAT I minimums.

Furthermore, to minimize the chances of a go-around, if the weather is reported to be below 1/2 mile or 2400 RVR AND all of the requirements for an autoland can be met, it is Frontier‘s policy to brief it and fly it as a Cat II / Cat III autoland.

57
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Autoland parameters

What if the weather requires a Cat II / Cat III autoland, but not all of the requirements can be met?

A

If one of the autoland requirements cannot be met, e.g. strong crosswind, a non-autoland CAT I approach may be conducted down to our lowest authorized CAT I minimums, i.e., 1800 RVR or as published.

58
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Autoland parameters

Autoland autobrakes requirements

Autobrake setting vs runway length

A
  • Runway less than 8,000 feet = MEDIUM
  • Runway 8,000 feet or longer = LOW or MEDIUM
59
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Autoland parameters

Autoland wind limitations:

  • 200/300/700 series aircraft:
  • 600 series aircraft

What is wind limitations based on?

What is min wind correction? Max wind correction?

A

Wind limitation is based on surface winds reported by ATC.

Wind Correction: Min wind correction is 5 kts, max wind correction is 15 kts.

60
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Autoland parameters — Engine out

Can we conduct an autoland with one engine inop?

A

The Airbus A320 series aircraft are approved by the AFM to perform single engine autoland approaches. Although Frontier Airlines’ limitations prohibit the initiation of single engine autoland approaches, the flight crew may use emergency authority if it is determined to be the safest course of action. NOTE: On A320 aircraft with an engine inoperative, single engine autoland approaches are only approved by the AFM in CONFIG FULL.

61
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Electrical limitations

Continuous load per generator

A

100% (90 kVA)

62
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Electrical limitations

Continuous load per TR

A

200 amps

63
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Engine limitations

Engine EGT and time limitations

  • 200/700 series
  • 300 series
  • 600 series
A
64
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Engine limitations

Minimum Engine Oil Pressure

  • 200/700 series
  • 300 series
  • 600 series
A
  • 200/700 series: 13 PSI
  • 300 series: 17.4 PSI
  • 600 series: 65 PSI
65
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Engine limitations

Minimum Oil Quantity:

  • 200/700 series
  • 300 series
  • 600 series
A
  • 200/700 series
    • 9.5 qt + 0.5 qt for every hour of estimated flight time.
  • 300 series
    • 9.0qt + 0.5qt for every hour of estimated flight time, OR
    • 10.6, ​whichever is higher.
  • ​600 series
    • ​OAT at or above -30°C: 14 qt
    • OAT below -30°C: 16.5 qt
66
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Engine limitations

Oil temperature limitations:

  • 200/700 series
  • 300 series
  • 600 series

Max/Max continuous, Max transient, min for start, min for takeoff

A

200/700/300 series:

  • Max continuous: 140°C
  • Max transient (15 min): 155°C
  • Min for start: -40°C
  • Min for takeoff: 19°C

600 series:

  • Max: 151°C
  • Min for start: -40°C
  • Min for takeoff: 52°C

For 200/700/300 series, it’s Max Continuous. For 600 series, it’s just Max.

67
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Engine limitations

Engine RPM — max N1 and N2

  • 200/700 series
  • 300 series
  • 600 series
A
68
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Engine limitations

Engine Starter Duty Cycle Limitations

  • 200/700 series
A

After starter cycle:

  • 1 = 20 seconds off
  • 2 = 20 seconds off
  • 3 = 20 seconds off
  • 4 = 15 minutes off

A standard automatic start that includes up to three start attempts is considered one cycle.

The starter must not be run above 20% N2.

69
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Engine limitations

Engine Starter Duty Cycle Limitations

  • 300 series
A

After starter cycle:

  • 1 = 60 seconds off
  • 2 = 60 seconds off
  • 3 = 15 minutes off

After 3 consecutive cycles, 15 minutes off. A standard automatic start that includes up to three start attempts is considered one cycle.

The starter must not be run above 63% N2.

70
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Engine limitations

Engine Starter Duty Cycle Limitations

  • 600 series
A

After starter cycle:

  • 1 = 35 seconds off
  • 2 = 35 seconds off
  • 3 = 15 minutes off

After 3 consecutive cycles, or 15 minutes of cranking, 15 minutes off. A standard automatic start that includes up to two start attempts is considered one cycle.

The starter must not be run above 20% N2.

71
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Engine limitations

Reverse thrust limitations

A
  • Selecting reverse thrust in flight is prohibited.
  • Backing the aircraft with reverse thrust is not permitted.
  • Maximum reverse will not be used below 70 knots (Idle reverse is allowed down to aircraft stop).
  • Except in an emergency, reverse thrust is not authorized to reduce taxi speed.
72
Q

ENGINE LIMITATIONS:

Use of soft go around mode (GA SOFT)

A

PROHIBITED

73
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Engine limitations

Reduced thrust takeoff

A

“MELs COWS perform at 25%”

Flex takeoff permitted unless:

  • MEL prohibits
  • Contaminated runway
  • OAT greater than assumed temp
  • Windshear
  • Special departure procedure which prohibits
  • Performance
  • 25% reduction of thrust compared to full thrust setting
74
Q

ALTITUDE LIMITATIONS

Max altitude for slat / flap extension

A

20,000 feet

75
Q

What is the limitation on crossbleed starts?

A

Prohibited during pushback.

76
Q

FLIGHT CONTROL LIMITATIONS:

Use of rapid and large alternating control inputs

A

Rapid and large alternating control inputs, especially in combination with large changes in pitch, roll, or yaw (e.g., large sideslip angles), may result in structural failures at any speed.

77
Q

SPEED BRAKES LIMITATION

The speed brakes limitations apply to which airplanes?

Which phase(s) of flight?

Under what conditions?

A

ALL NEO AIRCRAFT
For approach, the use of speed brakes at or below 240 kt is not permitted if:
– GWCG is above 35% or
– In overweight landing conditions

78
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Fuel limitations

Min fuel for takeoff

A
  • 3,300 lbs
  • FUEL:WING TK LO LVL warning must not be displayed on ECAM.
79
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Fuel limitations

Takeoff with center tank fuel

A

Takeoff with center tank fuel supplying the engines is PROHIBITED. Applicable only to 200 series aircraft.

80
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Hydraulics limitations

Max operating pressure

A

3,200 psi

81
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Landing gear parameters

Brake temperature — max for takeoff

A

300° C

82
Q

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS

Airframe vibration — reporting sheet

A

Airframe vibrations shall be recorded in the aircraft logbook and on an accompanying Airframe Vibration Reporting Sheet (Form 31048), which contains detailed information used by maintenance to isolate and resolve airframe vibration issues. Whenever possible this form should be filled out in flight and as soon as practical after experiencing airframe vibration. Completed forms shall be left in the aircraft logbook.

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