Flight Control Laws Flashcards
What does the mnemonic BYPALS stand for, and what does it describe?
It describes the basic flight envelope:
- Bank
- Yaw
- Pitch
- AoA
- Load
- Speed
What does the mnemonic BASAP stand for, and what does it describe?
It describes the Alpha Prot (which are the low speed) protections:
- Bank 45°
- Autopilot disconnect
- Speedbrakes retract
- AoA instead of load
- Pitch up trim inhibit
What does the mnemonic BASN stand for, and what does it describe?
It describes the high speed protections:
- Bank 40°
- Autopilot disconnect
- Seeks wings level
- Nose up movement
What does the mnemonic PAR AAA stand for, and what does it describe?
It describes the functions of the ELAC (Elevator Aileron Computer):
- Pitch
- Abnormal Attitudes
- Roll
- Aileron droop
- Autopilot acquisition
- Activates the protections
What does the mnemonic PAR SS stand for, and what does it describe?
It descibes the functions of the SEC (Spoiler Elevator Computer):
- Pitch
- Abnormal attitudes
- Roll
- Speed brakes
- Spoilers
What does the mnemonic B SWFT & RATTY stand for, and what does it describe?
It describes the functions of the FAC:
-
Beta target
- Flaps 1, 2, 3
- One engine > 80% N1 and the difference between N1s exceeds 35%.
- FAC controls the side slip indication to give best single engine performance
- ”Speed, speed, speed!”
- Given by Low Energy Warning
- Flaps 2-F, below 2000 feet to 100 feet
- Forewarns you what is coming?
- Alpha Floor — available from liftoff, up to cruise, and back down to to 100 feet on approach
-
Windshear
- Reactive
- 3-5 seconds = 50-1300 ft / 1300-50 ft
- Windshear on PFDs
-
Flight Envelope Protections
- Left side PFD
-
Tail — controls the following functions
- Rudder limiting
- Alternate Law yaw
- Turn coordination
- Trim
- Yaw damping
What are the ELACs, and what do they do?
ELAC = Elevator Aileron Computer
“PAR AAA”
- Pitch
- Abnormal attitudes
- Roll
- Aileron droop
- Autopilot acquisition
- Activates the protections
What are the SECs, and what do they do?
SEC = Spoilers Elevator Computer
“PAR SS”
- Pitch
- Abnormal attitudes
- Roll
- Speed brakes
- Spoilers
What do the FACs do?
It describes the functions of the FAC:
-
Beta target
- Flaps 1, 2, 3
- One engine > 80% N1 and the difference between N1s exceeds 35%.
- FAC controls the entire side slip indication
- ”Speed, speed, speed!”
- Given by Low Energy Warning
- Flaps 2-F, below 2000 feet to 100 feet
- Forewarns you what is coming?
- Alpha Floor — liftoff to 100 feet on approach
-
Windshear
- Reactive
- 3-5 seconds = 50-1300 ft / 1300-50 ft
- Windshear on PFDs
-
Flight Envelope Protections
- Speed tape symbology
-
Tail — controls the following functions
- Rudder limiting
- Alternate Law yaw
- Turn coordination
- Trim
- Yaw damping
NORMAL LAW
Describe the various BANK ANGLE PROTECTIONS
When handflying:
- Any bank angle up to 33°, the airplane will stay there if you release the stick.
- Bank angles in excess of 33°, the airplane will return to 33° if the stick is released.
- At 45°, the flight directors will disappear.
- At 40°, flight directors will come back.
- 67° is the max bank angle, which roughly corresponds with our 2.7g load factor limit.
What yaw protections do we have in Normal Law?
- Yaw damping
- Turn coordinating
What pitch protections do we have in Normal Law?
Nose up:
- Flaps 0-3: 30° decreasing to 25° as aircraft slows
- Flaps full: 25° decreasing to 20° as aircraft slows
- Flight director disappears at 25°, comes back at 22°
Nose down:
- 15° in all configurations
- Flight director disappears at 13°, comes back at 10°
What AoA protections do we have in Normal Law?
- VMAX, VLS, αPROT, αMAX
What load factor protections do we have in Normal Law?
- Clean: -1.0g to +2.5g
- “dirty”: -0g to +2.0g
- ALPHA FLOOR* “on FMA and EWD.”
What speed protections do we have in Normal Law?
“BASN”
- Speed protection becomes active at VMO+6
- Bank 40° (reduced from 67°)
- A/P disconnect
- Seeks wings level
- Nose up movement
- Speed will be limited to VMO+16
What bank protections do we have in Alternate Law?
None
What yaw protections do we have in Alternate Law?
Yaw Damping only
What pitch protections do we have in Alternate Law?
None
What AoA protections do we have in Alternate Law?
Indicates VLS and VSW.
What load protections do we have in Alternate Law?
Same as Normal Law:
- -1 to +2.5 g clean
- 0 to 2.0 g dirty
What speed protections do we have in Alternate Law?
Varies - depends on what’s broken.
What bank protections do we have in Direct Law?
None
What yaw protections do we have in Direct Law?
Mechanical rudder
What pitch protections do we have in Direct Law?
None
