Limitations Flashcards
Can you reset circuit breakers in flight?
No. Except for the Essential Bus circuit breaker.
Under which conditions can you reset the Essential Bus circuit breaker?
It can only be reset once in flight and only if:
1. At least one minute has elapsed since the CB triped
2. There is no smoke or burning smell
What’s Vmo (=Vne)?
240 KIAS below 15200 ft
What’s Vo (=Vno, =Va)?
The normal operating speed, only to be exceeded in calm atmosphere.
It varies with the weight of the aircraft.
What’s Vfe?
Up to flaps 15°, 165 KIAS
Beyond flaps 15°, 130 KIAS
What’s Vlo?
180 KIAS
What’s Vle?
240 KIAS
What are the engine T-O settings?
RPM = 1700
Ng = 104%
Torque = 44.34
What are the climb settings?
RPM = 1700
Ng = 104%
Torque = 44.34
What are the cruise settings?
RPM = 1700
Ng = 104%
Torque = 36.95
What are the reverse settings?
RPM = 1650
Torque = 34.25
When should you use fuel additive?
When flying with an OAT 0°C or below
What should be the concentration of fuel additive by volume?
0.06% to 0.15%
What’s the maximum reverse pitch?
-17.5°
What’s the feathering pitch?
79.6°
What’s the starting cycle?
Sequence, 60 sec OFF
Sequence, 60 sec OFF
Sequence, 30 min OFF
What’s the maximum generator load?
300A
What does the condition lever do?
It controls the idle position of the engine
What’s the Manual Override lever (MOR)?
It’s a lever used to override fuel flow control when the Power Control Lever (PCL) is not responding.
What’s the maximum certified bank angle?
60°
What are the limiting load factors?
+3.3g / -1.32g
What’s the temperature range in which the boots can be operated?
+40°C / -40°C
What should you do when using the autopilot in icing conditions?
Periodically disengage the AP to verify that the control forces in the yoke are not abnormally strong, which could indicate ice accretion on the control surfaces.
What’s the maximum fuel imbalance (USG)?
26.4 USG
Maximum Operating Altitude?
30.000 ft
What’s the OAT operating range?
-55°C / +50°C
What’s the maximum cabin differential pressure?
5.75 psi
What’s the maximum authorized pressure differential for landing?
0.7 psi
When should you observe a 45 min cooling period after operating the brakes?
After a RTO at Vr - 20 kts and heavy brakes usage
After a full-stop LDG with flaps 0° and heavy brakes usage
How much O2 should be available in flight?
10 min for each occupant for flights above FL250
What’s the minimum altitude to engage AP / YD or perform the first turn?
400 ft AGL
What’s the lowest altitude at which the AP should usually be engaged / disengaged?
- It cannot be engaged below 400 ft
- It must be disengaged before 200 ft AAL for 3D approaches.
- It must be disengaged before 400 ft AAL for 2D approaches.
- It must be disengaged above 1000 ft AGL for visual approaches.
Which AP mode is recommended during flights in severe turbulence?
“PITCH ATTITUDE HOLD”
What restrictions apply if the messsages “HSI IS TRU TRK” or “HSI IS MAG TRK” are displayed in the CAS?
You can only perform GPS approaches (no VOR, NDB, VOR/DME approaches allowed)
What’s Vfe?
- 165 KIAS with flaps 15°
- 130 KIAS with flaps 30°+
What’s Vlo?
180 KIAS
What’s Vle?
240 KIAS
What are the X-wind limits?
- Flaps 0° = 30 kts
- Flaps 15° = 25 kts
- Flaps 30° = 20 kts
- Flaps 40° = 15 kts
What are the maximum operating weights? (4)
- Max Ramp Weight = 10.495 lbs / 4.760 kgs
- MTOW = 10.450 lbs / 4.740 kgs
- MLM = 9.921 lbs / 4.500 kgs
- MZFM = 9.039 lbs / 4.100 kgs
- Max Baggage Weight = 400 lbs / 180 kgs
What are the limiting engine parameters during T-O / climb?
- SHP = 1200
- Torque = 44.34 psi
- ITT = 850°C
- Ng = 104%
- Np = 1700 RPM
What are the limitating engine parameters during cruise?
- SHP = 1000
- Torque = 36.95 psi
- ITT = 820°C
- Ng = 104%
- Np = 1700 RPM
What are the limitating engine parameters at idle?
- ITT = 750°C
- Ng = 50.7% at GI / 64% at FI
- Oil pressure = 60 psi (mini)
- Oil temperature = -40 to 110°C
What are the limiting engine parameters on start-up?
- ITT = 1000°C
- Oil pressure = 200 psi (max)
- Oil temperature = -40°C (mini)
What are the limiting engine parameters for transient operations?
- Torque = 61 psi (20 sec max)
- ITT = 870 °C (20 sec max)
- Ng = 104%
- Np = 1870 RPM (20 sec max)
- Oil pressure = 40 to 200 psi (20 sec max)
- Oil temperature = -40 to 110 °C
What are the limiting engine parameters for reverse operations?
- SHP = 900
- Torque = 34.25 psi
- ITT = 760 °C
- Np = 1650 RPM
- Oil pressure = 90 to 135 psi
- Oil temperature = 10 to 105 °C
What are the approved fuel grades?
Jet-A, Jet -A1, Jet-B, JP-4
When must additive be used?
When expecting to fly in OAT < 0 °C.
What is the additive ratio to be used with the fuel?
0.06% to 0.15% per volume of fuel.
What’s the maximum allowed fuel imbalance?
3 LCD segments, 26.4 USG, 178 lbs
What are the cabin pressurization limits?
- Differential pressure = 5.75 psi
- Differential at LDG = 0.7 psi
What category of approaches (CAT I, II, III) can the PC-12 perform?
CAT I
Can the PC-12 fly in severe icing?
No
How does Vo vary with weight?
It increases.
What’s the minimu allowed RPM on the ground?
950 RPM because the ensuing vibrations might damage the structure of the aircraft.
What’s the Propeller Low Speed mode and when should it be used?
- It’s an in-flight mode that reduces the propeller RPMs thus lowering the noise in the cabin.
- It should only be used in flight, outside icing conditions and with YD ON.
What’s the minimum fuel temperature allowed for T-O?
15 °C
What makes Prist dangerous to manipulate?
It is highly corrosive and toxic!
What’s the maximum fuel imbalance allowed (in L and lbs)?
100 L / 178 lbs
What’s the maximum gen load allowed?
300 A / 450 A (for less than 2 min / hour)
What’s the maximum differential pressure allowed on LDG?
- Legacy = 0 psi
- NG/X = 0.7 psi
Which systems should be tested before T-O? (5)
- Stall warning / Stick pusher
- Trim systems
- Windshield de-ice (left)
- Fire detection
- Ice protection
What’s the range of OAT in which boots can be used?
-40 to +40 °C
Which systems should be disangaged prior to LDG?
A/P, A/T and YD
What’s the hydroplanning speed on the PC-12?
9 Square root of 60 psi = 70 kts
What’s Vx at MTOM (prop feather)?
120 KIAS
What’s Vr?
- Flaps 15° = 82 KIAS
- Flaps 30° = 76 KIAS
What’s Vx?
120 KIAS
What’s the maximum differential pressure?
5.75 psi
What’s the maximum differential pressure for T-O & LDGs?
0.7 psi
What’s the max torque allowed?
44.34 psi
What’s the max Ng allowed?
104% (transient, 20” max)
What’s the max ITT allowed?
870 °C (transient, 20’’ max)
What’s max continuous ITT?
820 °C (cruise)
What’s Vmo / Mmo?
240 KIAS / 0.48 Mach
What’s Vle?
240 KIAS
What’s Vlo?
180 KIAS
What’s Vfe?
15° = 165 KIAS
30/40° = 130 KIAS
What’s Vo?
166 KIAS (at MTOM)
What’s Vy at MSL and flaps 0°?
130 KIAS
What are the go-around speeds?
F15° = 98 KIAS
F30° = 89 KIAS
F40° = 85 KIAS
What’s the flap retracting speed?
F30° to F15° = 90 KIAS
F15° to F0° = 100 KIAS
Should you have the AP ON in severe icing conditions?
No and you shouldn’t fly in those anyway! Leave the area ASAP.
What’s the total usable fuel?
402 USG
2700 lbs
What’s the max fuel imbalance?
3 segments or 178 lbs.
What are the Prist proportions to put in the fuel?
0.06% to 0.15%
What are the genrators max load?
300 A or 450 A (2’ per hour max)
Which breakers can be reset in flight?
Only ESS BUS can be reset 1 time after 1’ if no smoke or smell detected.
OR
Other breakers when following a QRH procedure.
How long do you have to wait for brakes to cool off after a RTO?
45 min if RTO happened @ Vr-20.
What’s the wingspan of the PC-12?
16.3 m
What’s the LDG gear width?
5 m
What’s the max ramp weight?
10.495 lbs
What’s the MTOM?
10.450 lbs
What’s the MLM?
9.921 lbs
What’s the max baggage mass (lbs)?
400 lbs
What’s the min/max operational OAT?
-55°C / 50°C
What’s the operational ceiling of the PC12?
FL300
What should you do if you have an amber “ENGINE CHIP” CAS message on ground?
Check QRH and most likely call the maintenance (it’s a NO GO).
When will an engine start be considered a COLD START?
Oil temp < 5°C
When will engine start be considered a HOT START?
ITT > 150°C prior to start-up
How long can ITT stay between 850 and 1000°C?
20 sec max
How long can ITT stay above 1000°C?
5 sec
What’s the starter sequence?
Sequence
60 sec OFF
Sequence
60 sec OFF
Sequence
30 min OFF (+10 min if EPECS is dry motoring)
How long are you allowed to maintain T-O power?
5 min
What’s Vy?
Flaps 0 = 130 KIAS
Flaps 15 = 95 KIAS
Flaps 30 = 85 KIAS
What are the conditions to retract the flaps?
Flaps 30 to 15:
1. Vz+
2. Clear of obstacles
3. Above 90 KIAS
Flaps 15 to 0:
1. Vz+
2. Above 500 ft AAL
3. Above 100 KIAS
What should be the vertical mode of the AP in svere turbulence?
PITCH
How many lbs does 100lt of fuel weigh?
About 175 lbs.
When can you use the reverse?
Only on the ground and no more than 30 sec in the same position.
What will happen if you let the PCL in the same position in the beta range for more than 30 sec on the NGX?
The EPECS will enter a DEGRADED mode and a full system reset will be required.
Can you use the Prop low speed (PLS) mode in icing conditions?
No! And if you try to activate it while the PIM is active (inert sep open + prop de-ice ON), a CAS message will appear.
When can you activate the prop low speed (PLS) mode (Jetfly SOP)?
Only outside of icing conditions and above FL100.
When should you activate the PIM?
OAT < 10°C OR Visi < 1 NM
What’s the max flaps configuration in icing conditions?
With PIM = Flaps 15°
Without PIM = Flaps 0°
Can you fly in FZRA, FZFG, FZDZ?
NO!
What’s the wingspan?
16.3 m
What’s the turning radius on the ground?
Between 11 & 17.5 m depending on brake application.
What’s the maximum cargo mass allowed in the cabin?
3.300 lbs
What should be your ROD (flaps 0°) at Vx during an IFSD?
800 fpm
What should be your minimum Vapp during an IFSD?
Gear down, flaps 15 = 110 kts
Gear down, flaps 40 = 100 kts
When will the gear alarm sound?
Gear UP, PCL idle, Speed < 130 KIAS
What’s the minimum approach speed until final in icing conditions?
150 KIAS
What’s the minimum climb speed in icing conditions?
135 KIAS
What’s the minimum Vapp in icing onditions with and without PIM?
PIM ON, F15 = 105 KIAS
PIM OFF, F0 = 130 KIAS
What are the go-around speeds in icing conditions with and without PIM?
Gear DOWN, PIM ON, F15 = 105 KIAS
Gear down, PIM OFF, F0 = 130 KIAS
What’s the maximum allowed torque in cruise?
36.9 on the NG
40.6 on the NGX
What are the different Vapp in VFR?
F0 = 120
F15 = 100
F30 = 90
F40 = 85
What’s the Vapp and configuration for IFR approaches?
F15 = 110 KIAS
What’s the rule of thumb to determine Vref based on the flap configuration?
Flaps 0 = 110 kts
Flaps 15 = 95 kts
Flaps 30 = 85 kts
Flaps 40 = 80 kts
What are the typical values of Vr for flaps 15° / 30°?
Flaps 15° = 82 kts
Flaps 30° = 76 kts
Both these values tend to decrease as you get further away from MTOW.
What’s the initial pitch attitude for take-off flaps 15° / 30°?
Flaps 15° = 9° NU
Flaps 30° = 6° NU
What’s the maximum TRQ on takeoff?
44.34 PSI
What’s the minimum TRQ that you should have on takeoff?
The minimum TRQ on takeoff should be at or above the static takeoff torque calculated in the PC12 calculator.
What should be the range of TRQ on takeoff?
The value of the actual takeoff torque should be anywhere between the static takeoff torque (calculated with the PC12 calculator) and the maximum takeoff torque (44.34 PSI).
Are you allowed to consider the use of reverse thrust to compute your ASDR?
No, brakes only!
What’s the difference between Vref and Vapp?
Vref = 1.3 Vs = 50ft mark speed
Vapp = Vref + kve
kve = (1/2 W/V) + Gust = +20 kts max
What should be the Vtouchdown in calm wind?
1.05 Vs
On nose-battery aircrafts, without payload, what is the maximum amount of fuel that you can uplift to be within CG limits?
2200lbs
