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PC-12 Training > Avionics > Flashcards

Avionics Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the Modular Avionics Unit (MAU)?

A

It is the central “computer” on which the different avionic systems are plugged in.

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2
Q

When will the BNK mode engage?

A

It will activate automatically when you engage the HDG mode above FL250.

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3
Q

What is the Terrain Avoidance and Warning System (TAWS)?

A

It’s basically a EGPWS.

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4
Q

What type of information is dislpayed on the PFD?

A
  1. Basic ADAHRS information.
  2. Engine instruments
  3. Nav / Com frequencies
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5
Q

What is the upper MFD used for?

A

Navigation and flight planning (ND).

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6
Q

What is the lower MFD used for?

A

Systems status, monitoring and alerts (ECAM - engine parameters).

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7
Q

In the A/P mode, the PFD is indicating a 10° pitch angle and the FD is at 5° pitch angle. What does that mean?

A

It means that despite being pitched up 10°, the flight path of the airplane is actually 5°.

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8
Q

What does the acceleration chevron on the PFD indicate?

A

It indicates the maximum pitch angle to fly at which (in our current configuration, we would still accelerate.
When flying at the chevron if we pitch up, the aircraft will deccelerate.

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9
Q

What happens if you lose a PFD in flight?

A

The ND will become the PFD and the lower MFD will be able to be switched back and forthe between the ND and the ECAM.

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10
Q

What if the PFD and upper MFD fail?

A

The PFD will be displayed on the lower MFD and the ND/ECAM will be shown on the co-pilot PFD.

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11
Q

What does a white “V” symbol over the horizon line indicate?

A

It indicates where the nose of the aircraft is pointing but not necessarily where the aircraft is heading.

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12
Q

What are the 5 VNAV modes available with the Primus Apex suite?

A
  1. V-Path
  2. V-Speed
  3. V-Select
  4. V-Altitude
  5. VGP
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13
Q

What mode should you use for VNAV climbs?

A

V-Speed only.

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14
Q

What is the V-speed mode?

A

When using VNAV to climb or descend, the V-speed mode will maintain a constant TAS.
The ROC/ROD can be adjusted using the PCL.

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15
Q

What is the V-Select mode?

A

It’s the selection of a target altitude.

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16
Q

What’s the default VNAV descent mode?

A

V-Path

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17
Q

What does V-Path do?

A

It creates a constant descent / climb path between 2 waypoints.

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18
Q

What does the “V-Direct to” do?

A

It is similar to V-Path but only requires 1 destination waypoint and will descend immediately to reach the ddesired altitude at the destination waypoint.

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19
Q

What does the VGP mode do?

A

It is used for final approach to descend down to minima.
For VGP mode to activate:
1. The FMS source must be selected on the CDI.
2. The LNAV mode must be selected in the FMA.

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20
Q

What’s the V-Path angle range?

A

It ranges from 1° to 8° with a default setting at 3°.

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21
Q

What’s the basic logic of the VNAV system?

A

Keep the aircraft as high as possible for as long as possible.

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22
Q

Which A/P mode must be selected in order to perform an IFR approach down to minima?

A

The “NAV” mode.

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23
Q

What should you do if an amber “LP UNAVAILABLE” message is displayed on the PFD prior to reaching minima?

A

You should interrupt the approach and select a new appropriate approach.

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24
Q

What is the active flight plan?

A

The actual flight plan that has been activated.

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25
Q

What is a secondary flight plan?

A

A flight plan created in addition to the active flight plan for example to evaluate changes or to enter the flight for the next leg.

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26
Q

What is an alternate flight plan?

A

It is a flight plan between the destination and alternate flight plan.

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27
Q

What is a pending flight plan?

A

It is a version of the active flight plan that is automatically generated when changes are made to the active flight plan. It becomes the active flight plan after activation.

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28
Q

What does the CAS message “TAKEOFF CONFIG” mean?

A

One of the following parameters is not correctly set:
1. Flap setting (15°, 30°)
2. Trim setting

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29
Q

What is the avionic “Revisionary mode”?

A

It is a mode that will permit to still access flight and airplane parameters ico the failure of one or several screens.

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30
Q

What’s the Interactive NAVigation (INAV) system?

A

It’s the ND.

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31
Q

What does the “CAUTION TARRAIN” alert (yellow) mean?

A

Conflicting terrain 1 min ahead.

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32
Q

What does the “TERRAIN TERRAIN, PULL UP PULL UP” alert (red) mean?

A

Conflicting terrain 30 sec ahead.

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33
Q

What should be your actions ico a TAWS alert in IFR conditions or at night? (4)

A
  1. Immediately initiate climb at Vx.
  2. Apply max power on the PCL.
  3. Continue climb until alerts cease.
  4. Advise ATC.
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34
Q

What are the 6 different modes of the TAWS?

A
  1. Excessive descent rate.
  2. Excessive closure rate to terrain.
  3. Descent after T-O.
  4. Insufficient terrain clearance.
  5. Descent below glide slope.
  6. Situational awareness.
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35
Q

What’s the TAWS “Excessive descent rate” mode?

A
  1. Monitors excessive descent rate when within 2500 ft to terrain.
  2. Red warning alert
  3. “Sink rate, Sink rate” followed by “Pull up, Pull up” if descent is continued.
36
Q

What’s the TAWS “Excessive terrain closure rate” mode?

A
  1. Monitors excessive closure rate when within 2000 ft to the aircraft.
  2. Red warning alert
  3. “Terrain, Terrain” followed by “Pull up, Pull up” if proximity is increased.
37
Q

What’s the TAWS “Descent after T-O” mode?

A
  1. Monitors vertical speed after T-O or a go-around.
  2. Red warning alert
  3. “Don’t sink, Don’t sink” until positive ROC is established.
  4. Disabled when 1000 ft AGL.
38
Q

What’s the TAWS “Insufficient terrain clearance” mode?

A
  1. Monitors terrain clearance in all phases of flight. Creates a buffer of 800 ft AGL.
  2. Red warning alert
  3. “Too low terrain, too low terrain” if breaching terrain clearance OR “Too low gear, Too low gear” if below 500 ft without LDG gear down and locked OR “Too low flaps, Too low flaps” if below 250 ft and flaps are up.
39
Q

What’s the TAWS “Glide slope” mode?

A
  1. Monitors aircraft trajectory when on GS w/ gear down and RA < 1000 ft.
  2. Orange caution alert
  3. “Glide slope” if 1.3 dot deviation from GS.
40
Q

What’s the TAWS “Situational awareness” mode?

A

Depends on options fitted on the TAWS.
1. “Minimums, Minimums” call out.
2. “500, 300 100” RA call out.
3. “Bank angle” call out.

41
Q

Can you inhibit TAWS call-outs?

A

Yes, by pressing the TERR INHIB button on the Multi Function Controller (MFC).

42
Q

What are the elements required for the TCAS to operate normally? (3)

A
  1. TCAS processor
  2. XPDR
  3. 2 TCAS antennas (1 top, 1 bottom)
43
Q

What does a hollowed out diamond on the TCAS display indicate?

A

Aircraft farther than 1.200 ft or 5 NM

44
Q

What does a filled up diamond on the TCAS display indicate?

A

Aircraft within 1.200 ft or 5 NM

45
Q

What does a filled up yellow circle on the TCAS display indicate? (3)

A
  1. Potentially conflicting traffic.
  2. TA
  3. “Traffic, Traffic”
46
Q

What does an upward or downward pointing arrow indicate on the TCAS display?

A

It indicates wether an aircraft is climbing or descending with a ROC/ROD > 500 ft/min.

47
Q

What happens if you have a TCAS aural alert and a TAWS aural alert at the same time?

A

The TAWS has priority.

48
Q

What does the TERR FAIL caution message means?

A

The GPS cannot compute aircraft position and the TAWS will revert to providing mode 1 to 6 warnings only (Legacy GPWS).

49
Q

Where is the WX radar installed?

A

Right wing tip.

50
Q

What type of radio wave does the WX radar use?

A

HF

51
Q

What’s the beamwidth of the WX radar cone?

A

10°

52
Q

What’s the “gain” of the WX radar?

A

The degree of focus of the beam (sensitivity).

53
Q

What are the different colours used to indicate the levels of precipitation intensity that can be displayed by the WX radar?

A

Black < Green < Yellow < Red < Magenta

54
Q

Can the WX radar detect lightning strikes?

A

Yes

55
Q

What is the most significant limitation of the WX radar?

A

Attenuation.
It can be due to distance or by WX occluding most significant WX behind it.

56
Q

Does a black area behind a severe WX cell on the WX radar display mean that it’s safe to fly behind the cell?

A

No! This is most likely the radar shadow occluding the WX behind the cell.

57
Q

How can you circumvent a radar shadow?

A
  1. By adjusting the tilt to get ground return.
    If you can’t get ground return only behind a WX cell, it means that the area is within shadow.
  2. By selecting the Auto Range Limit in the WX radar options. It will indicate radar limit on the diplay w/ a cyan area.
58
Q

What’s the STBY mode on the WX radar knob?

A

Pretty much OFF.
The system is energized but not in use.

59
Q

Who controls the WX radar MFD display?

A

The upper MFD is controlled by the left seat station. and the lower MFD is controlled by the right seat station.

60
Q

What’s the WX radar gain setting in normal operations?

A

CALibrated.

61
Q

What are the different tilt modes usable on the WX radar? (4)

A
  1. Auto = automatically adjusted to give ground return only in the last 10% of the display.
  2. Auto step scan = Scans the horizon in increments of 4° up or down.
  3. Auto range limit = displays a blue area where WX detection is no longer available due to attenuation.
  4. Manual
62
Q

Where should you ideally aim the beam of the WX radar?

A

At the “wetest” part of the cloud.
So at the highest part below freezing level. Which means that as you gain altitude, the tilt of the WX radar should decrease.

63
Q

How do you calculate the top of the cloud using the 1:60 rule?

A
  1. You increase you tilt angle until you no longer have returns from the cloud.
  2. Beamwidth (ft) = Distance (NM) X Beam angle (°)
  3. Top of cloud (ft) = Current altitude + Beamwifth
64
Q

What are some simple rules of WX avoidance?

A
  1. Always avoid upwind if you can.
  2. Avoid red / magenta cells by at least 20 NM.
65
Q

Why can the WX radar detect ground echoes closer than WX echoes?

A

Because the ground beam is about twice as large as the WX beam.

66
Q

Should the WX radar be turned ON for every flight?

A

No, only if severe WX is suspected.

67
Q

What is the Automatic Flight Contol System?

A

It controls the automatic flight controls of the aircraft:
1. A/P
2. A/T
3. YD
4. FD
5. Auto trim

68
Q

What is required for the pitch wheel to be usable on the AFCS?

A

The FD must be ON.

69
Q

What does the BNK mode does on the AFCS?

A

It reduces max bank angle when A/P is engaged from 27° to 17°.
It activates automatically above FL 250.

70
Q

What should you do before activating the NAV mode on the AFCS?

A

Check that you are using the appropriate NAV source.

71
Q

What does the FMS mode do on the A/T control knob?

A

The A/T will follow the planned climb and descent computed in the FMS.
Used to decrease speed for the approach for the example.
This mode will consider the aircraft configuration.
It will also consider the different phases of flight and aircraft altitude.
It basically follows the most appropriate speed computed in the FMS.

72
Q

What are the 4 different A/T modes?

A
  1. Airspeed hold mode (SPD) = Maintains airspeed (+/- 5 kts)
  2. Thrust mode (THR) = Max continuous PWR during climb. Also used for go around.
  3. Takeoff armed mode (AT) = Used to arm the A/T when on the ground with speed < 50 kts.
  4. Limit (LIM) = Requested speed cannot be reached
73
Q

What doe the Flight Level Change (FLC) mode do?

A

It changes altitude based on the altitude that has been selected by the pilot or in the FMS.

74
Q

What does the VNAV button do?

A

It will follow the FMS vertical plan.
Note that for this mode to engage, the NAV mode must be selected in the horizontal AFCS panel and the HSI source must be NAV (FMS).

75
Q

What does the Minimums knob do in the AFCS?

A

It allows to select the minima for an IFR approach.

76
Q

Can you activate A/P modes prior to activating the A/P?

A

Yes.

77
Q

What does the TCS button do?

A

It’s the same thing as the CWS.

78
Q

How is the A/P powered?

A

Via the A/P SERVO ENABLE and A/P SERVO circuit breakers on the Avionic 1 bus.

79
Q

What is the minnimum speed in FLC mode?

A

80 kts.

80
Q

How do you read the TAWS overlay on the PFD?

A

Doted green = at least -1000 ft below
Solid green = at least -250 ft below
Doted yellow = between -250 ft below and +1000 ft above
Solid yellow = between +1000 ft and +2000 ft above
Red = above +2000 ft

Basically anything other than dotted green = be really careful!!!

(ref: APEX Pilot Guide&raquo_space; 16-13, p.965)

81
Q

When will the APEX auto-tune the frequency during an ILS approach?

A

When the 3 following conditions apply:

  1. The navigation source is in FMS on the coupled PFD.
  2. The ILS approach is loaded in the FMS.
  3. The aircraft is within 75 NM of the end of the approach procedure AND the aircraft is within 30 NM direct distance from the airport.

(ref: OM-B&raquo_space; 2.27.2.1, p. 120)

82
Q

How does the APEX determines the status of the LDG gear on the MFD display?

A

It compares the position of the landing gear with the position of the LDG gear handle.

83
Q

How does the APEX knows in which position the LDG gear is in?

A

It uses 6 proximity switches and 2 micro-switches located in the LDG gear bay.

84
Q

What does a GREY “UP” indicate in the LDG gear indicator window?

A

The LDG gear is up and the flaps have been fully retracted for at least 20 sec.

85
Q

What does a WHITE “UP”indicate in the LDG gear indicator window?

A

The LDG gear is up and the flaps are still down or have been fully retracted for less than 20 sec.

86
Q

What does a white square barred red indicate on the LDG gear indicator window?

A

The gear has been in transit for more than 24 sec.

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