lifestyle diseases

Question 1

what is atherosclerosis?

Answer 1

-Fatty deposits build up in arterial walls and develop into hard plaque.
-This narrows the lumen, reduces blood flow and increases risk of blood clots and strokes.
-Arterial walls harden and lose elasticity, meaning they are less effective at vasoconstriction and vasodilation
-Regulation of blood pressure is reduced
-can lead to hyperextension which is a risk factor for coronary heart disease

Question 2

how does training impact atherosclerosis?

Answer 2

Low density lipoproteins (deposit cholesterol) are decreased with regular exercise, meaning less fat/cholesterol is deposited in artery walls.

Reduced plaque means arteries retain their elasticity and can vasodilate and vasoconstrict effectively. There is also greater blood flow and less risk of blood clots, meaning stroke risk is decreased.

This results in decreased risk of atherosclerosis/arteriosclerosis

Question 3

what is coronary heart disease?

Answer 3

atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries which supply the heart with oxygenated blood
this reduces blood flow and oxygen to the heart
-a partial blockage is called angina which causes chest pain and is a warning sign that a heat attack could occur

Question 4

what is a heart attack?

Answer 4

a sudden, severe or complete blockage of the coronary arteries
caused by a blood clot or a piece of fatty plaque breaking away from the arterial wall
it cuts off oxygen supply to the heart which causes severe chest pain and leads to permanent damage to cardiac cells or death

Question 5

what is a ischaemic stroke?

Answer 5

a blockage of the cerebral artery by a blood clot which cuts off blood and oxygen supply to the brain

Question 6

what is a Haemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 6

a burst blood vessel within the brain which also reduces blood and oxygen supply

Question 7

how does exercise decrease change of cardiovascular diseases?

Answer 7

• increase in high density lipoproteins and decrease in low density lipoproteins
  -regular vasoconstriction and vasodilation prevents hardening of arterial walls
  -decreased blood viscosity
  -increased circulation around the heart
  -decreased body fat, reducing pressure on the heart
  -cardiac hypertrophy

Question 8

what are some risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

Answer 8

-inactive sedentary lifestyle
-drugs
-smoking
-drinking
-diet high is saturated fat and cholesterol
-genetics
-obesity
-age
-hypertension (high blood pressure)

Question 9

what is asthma?

Answer 9

a restriction of airways caused by bronchial constriction, inflammation, mucus production and dry airways

Question 10

what is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Answer 10

a term for several conditions where airways become inflamed and narrow.
over time this leads to permanent changes such as thicker bronchiole walls, increased mucus production, alveoli damage and decreased lung tissue elasticity
-symptoms always there

Question 11

benefits of exercise on respiratory diseases

Answer 11

-increased size and number of alveoli
-increased number of capillaries in the lungs
-increased strength of respiratory muscles
-increased air flow in and out of the lungs
-full use of lung tissue/ lungs become more elastic