energy systems and ATP resynthesis Flashcards
what’s ATP?
adenosine triphosphate
it’s the energy currency of the body
what does ADP stand for?
adenosine diphosphate
what’s ATP linked to?
intensity and duration of physical activity
where’s ATP found?
in every living tissue
how long does the supply of ATP in the muscle last for during vigorous exercise?
2 seconds
what are the 3 energy systems?
ATP-PC
lactic acid
aerobic
whats the equation to convert ATP to ADP and what enzyme is needed and what type of reaction is this?
ATP —–> ADP+Pi + energy
ATPase breaks the bond
its an exothermic reaction (releases energy)
how is ATP resynthesised what is the equation and type of reaction?
energy +ADP+Pi —–> ATP + energy
endothermic reaction (energy is given in from food sources)
what is a coupled reaction?
when the products of one reaction are used in another reaction
whats the intensity of the ATP-PC system?
high
how long does the ATP-PC system last?
3-10 seconds
whats the fuel for the ATP-PC system?
PC (phosphocreatine)
which enzyme breaks the bond of PC?
creatine kinase
whats the process of the ATP-PC system?
PC—-> P+C
energy + ADP + Pi —–> ATP + energy
energy + ADP + PC —–> ATP + C
where does ATP resynthesis take place?
the muscle sarcoplasm
where is PC stored?
the muscle sarcoplasm
what’s the ATP yield of the ATP-PC system?
1
what intensity is the lactic acid system?
high-medium
how long does the lactic acid system last for?
lasts 11-180 seconds
where does the reaction in the lactic acid system take place?
the muscle sarcoplasm
whats the ATP yield of the lactic acid system?
2
lactic acid system process to resynthesis ATP
glycolysis:
glycogen to glucose (GPP enzyme) to pyrouvic acid (PFK enzyme) to lactic acid (LDH enzyme)
this breaks down glucose to provide energy via coupled reactions to resynthesis ADP back to ATP.
what are all the enzymes needed in the lactic acid system?
GPP- glucogen phosphorylase
PFK- phosphofructokinase
LDH- lactose dehydrogenase
whats the intensity of the aerobic system?
low
how long does the aerobic system last?
more than 3 minutes
what fuels the aerobic system?
free fatty acids
what’s the ATP yield of the aerobic system?
38
whats the process of the aerobic energy system?
stage 1: glycolysis
glycogen to glucose (GPP enzyme) to pyrouvic acid (PFK) enzyme
stage 2: kreb cycle/ citric acid system
stage 3: electron transport chain
where does glycolysis occur?
in the muscle sarcoplasm
how many ATP does glycolysis produce?
2
whats the kreb cycle/ citric acid system?
pyrouvic acid goes to acetyl CoA
this goes to oxaloacetic acid
this goes to citric acid which goes back to acetyl CoA
free fatty acids and oxygen goes in
H+ and carbon dioxide out
where does the kreb cycle/ citric acid cycle occur?
matrix of mitochondria
how many ATP does the kreb cycle produce?
2
what happens in the electron transport chain?
H+ is carried by the hydrogen carriers NAD and FAD
with oxygen they produce water
where does the electron transport chain happen?
the cristae of the mitochondria
how many ATP does the electron transport chain produce?
34
advantages of ATP-PC system
high intensity
no transportation needed
no waste products
already stored naturally
disadvantages of the ATP-PC system
only lasts 3-10 seconds
only 1ATP produced
advantages of the lactic acid system
produces more ATP (2) and longer duration (11-180s) then ATP-PC system
can be regenerated
glycogen stored in the liver
no transportation needed
disadvantages of the lactic acid system
waste product lactic acid
only 2 ATP compared to 38 in aerobic system
only lasts 180 seconds
advantages of the aerobic system
long duration, over 3 mins
produces 38 ATP
no harmful bi products
disadvantages of the lactic acid system
low intensity
has to be transported
lots of processes, takes time
reliant on oxygen
what does the energy continuum allow us to know?
the predominant energy system for the activity so we can inform our training (train this energy system)
at rest, which energy system do we use mostly?
aerobic system as there’s a plentiful supply of oxygen for resynthesis of ATP
