energy systems and ATP resynthesis

Question 1

what’s ATP?

Answer 1

adenosine triphosphate
it’s the energy currency of the body

Question 2

what does ADP stand for?

Answer 2

adenosine diphosphate

Question 3

what’s ATP linked to?

Answer 3

intensity and duration of physical activity

Question 4

where’s ATP found?

Answer 4

in every living tissue

Question 5

how long does the supply of ATP in the muscle last for during vigorous exercise?

Answer 5

2 seconds

Question 6

what are the 3 energy systems?

Answer 6

ATP-PC
lactic acid
aerobic

Question 7

whats the equation to convert ATP to ADP and what enzyme is needed and what type of reaction is this?

Answer 7

ATP —–> ADP+Pi + energy
ATPase breaks the bond
its an exothermic reaction (releases energy)

Question 8

how is ATP resynthesised what is the equation and type of reaction?

Answer 8

energy +ADP+Pi —–> ATP + energy
endothermic reaction (energy is given in from food sources)

Question 9

what is a coupled reaction?

Answer 9

when the products of one reaction are used in another reaction

Question 10

whats the intensity of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 10

high

Question 11

how long does the ATP-PC system last?

Answer 11

3-10 seconds

Question 12

whats the fuel for the ATP-PC system?

Answer 12

PC (phosphocreatine)

Question 13

which enzyme breaks the bond of PC?

Answer 13

creatine kinase

Question 14

whats the process of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 14

PC—-> P+C
energy + ADP + Pi —–> ATP + energy
energy + ADP + PC —–> ATP + C

Question 15

where does ATP resynthesis take place?

Answer 15

the muscle sarcoplasm

Question 16

where is PC stored?

Answer 16

the muscle sarcoplasm

Question 17

what’s the ATP yield of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 17

1

Question 18

what intensity is the lactic acid system?

Answer 18

high-medium

Question 19

how long does the lactic acid system last for?

Answer 19

lasts 11-180 seconds

Question 20

where does the reaction in the lactic acid system take place?

Answer 20

the muscle sarcoplasm

Question 21

whats the ATP yield of the lactic acid system?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

lactic acid system process to resynthesis ATP

Answer 22

glycolysis:
glycogen to glucose (GPP enzyme) to pyrouvic acid (PFK enzyme) to lactic acid (LDH enzyme)
this breaks down glucose to provide energy via coupled reactions to resynthesis ADP back to ATP.

Question 23

what are all the enzymes needed in the lactic acid system?

Answer 23

GPP- glucogen phosphorylase
PFK- phosphofructokinase
LDH- lactose dehydrogenase

Question 24

whats the intensity of the aerobic system?

Answer 24

low

Question 25

how long does the aerobic system last?

Answer 25

more than 3 minutes

Question 26

what fuels the aerobic system?

Answer 26

free fatty acids

Question 27

what's the ATP yield of the aerobic system?

Answer 27

38

Question 28

whats the process of the aerobic energy system?

Answer 28

stage 1: glycolysis glycogen to glucose (GPP enzyme) to pyrouvic acid (PFK) enzyme stage 2: kreb cycle/ citric acid system stage 3: electron transport chain

Question 29

where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 29

in the muscle sarcoplasm

Question 30

how many ATP does glycolysis produce?

Answer 30

2

Question 31

whats the kreb cycle/ citric acid system?

Answer 31

pyrouvic acid goes to acetyl CoA this goes to oxaloacetic acid this goes to citric acid which goes back to acetyl CoA free fatty acids and oxygen goes in H+ and carbon dioxide out

Question 32

where does the kreb cycle/ citric acid cycle occur?

Answer 32

matrix of mitochondria

Question 33

how many ATP does the kreb cycle produce?

Answer 33

2

Question 34

what happens in the electron transport chain?

Answer 34

H+ is carried by the hydrogen carriers NAD and FAD with oxygen they produce water

Question 35

where does the electron transport chain happen?

Answer 35

the cristae of the mitochondria

Question 36

how many ATP does the electron transport chain produce?

Answer 36

34

Question 37

advantages of ATP-PC system

Answer 37

high intensity no transportation needed no waste products already stored naturally

Question 38

disadvantages of the ATP-PC system

Answer 38

only lasts 3-10 seconds only 1ATP produced

Question 39

advantages of the lactic acid system

Answer 39

produces more ATP (2) and longer duration (11-180s) then ATP-PC system can be regenerated glycogen stored in the liver no transportation needed

Question 40

disadvantages of the lactic acid system

Answer 40

waste product lactic acid only 2 ATP compared to 38 in aerobic system only lasts 180 seconds

Question 41

advantages of the aerobic system

Answer 41

long duration, over 3 mins produces 38 ATP no harmful bi products

Question 42

disadvantages of the lactic acid system

Answer 42

low intensity has to be transported lots of processes, takes time reliant on oxygen

Question 43

what does the energy continuum allow us to know?

Answer 43

the predominant energy system for the activity so we can inform our training (train this energy system)

Question 44

at rest, which energy system do we use mostly?

Answer 44

aerobic system as there's a plentiful supply of oxygen for resynthesis of ATP