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Psychology GRE > LIFESPAND DEVELOPMENTAL > Flashcards

LIFESPAND DEVELOPMENTAL Flashcards

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1
Q

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

A
  • stud of transition that accompanies physical growth or maturation
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2
Q

Fertilization

A
  • occurs in fallopian tube

- zygote goes through 3 stages of gestation

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3
Q

Germinal stsge

A
  • last 2 weeks
  • zygote moves down follopain tube and gros in 64 cells
  • implants itself into wall of the uterus
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4
Q

Embyronic stage

A
  • lasts until 2 month

- organ formation

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5
Q

Fetal stages

A
  • last from 3 months to birth

- quantitative growth occurs during this stage and movement (quickening)

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6
Q

when does HY antigentcuase testis to form?

A
  • 6 weeks
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7
Q

When does testosteron form?

A
  • 3 months
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8
Q

Neonate

A
  • newborn whos behaviour is reflexive
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9
Q

Reflexes

A

1) sucking
2) head turning
3) moro - throw out limbs
4) Babinski - fanning of toes
5) palmar - grabbing something

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10
Q

Adolescence

A
  • from 13-19 years where puberty begins

- Adrenal and pituitary gland secrete estrogen or androgen for secondary sex characteristics

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11
Q

Nature vs. nurture

A
  • use monozygotic and dizygotic twins to explore genetic and environmental influences
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12
Q

Piaget

A
  • cognitive development in child
  • interaction between internal maturation and external epeirnce creates qualitiative changes
  • language development determined by these stages
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13
Q

Adaptation (piaget)

A
  • occurs through assimilation and accomodation (fitting new info into ideas and modifying cognitive schema to incorporate new information)
  • order of steps do not vary
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14
Q

Sensorimotor (1) - cognitive development

A
  • 0-2 years
  • relflexive behaviour
  • circular reactions - manipulate environment
  • object permance - know object exists even when cannot see it
  • representation - visualizing and putting word to objects
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15
Q

Preoperational (2) - cognitive development

A
  • 2- 7 years
  • egocentric understaingin
  • acquire words
  • can’t perform mental operations
  • can’t understand quantity
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16
Q

Concrete operation (3) - cognitive development

A
  • 7-12 years
  • understand concrete realtionships e.g. math
  • conservation - changes in shape doesn’t mean changes in volume
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17
Q

Formal operations (4) - cognitive development

A
  • 12 years

- understand abstract relationships e.g. logic and reasoning

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18
Q

Gelman

A
  • Piaget underestimated cognitive ability ot preschoolers

- can deal with ideas e.g. quanitity in small set of objects

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19
Q

Moral development

A
  • 3 stages by piaget
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20
Q

Stage 1 moral development

A
  • 4-7 years

- imitates rule following behaviour, does not question acceptance

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21
Q

Stage 2 moral development

A
  • 7-11 years

- understand rules and follows them

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22
Q

Stage 3 moral development

A
  • 12+ years
  • applies abstract thinking to rules
  • can change rules if all parties agree
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23
Q

Freud personality development

A
  • driving force for humans was sexual gratification
  • parental over-or underindulgence at particular stage may result in fixation
  • life stressors later in life may result in regression (to earlier stage)
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24
Q

Regression (frued peronaliy development)

A
  • life stressors later in life may results in regression
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25
Q

Oral (1)

A
  • birth - 19 mos

- recieve pleasure orally through sucking, biting etc.

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26
Q

Anal (2)

A
  • 18 mos to 3 years
  • recieves pleasure from self-stimulation of genitals
  • boys develop oedipus complex (jealous of father) and girls develop electra complex (penis envy)
  • boys motivated to suppres lust by castration anxiety
27
Q

Latency (3)

A
  • adolescence
  • repressed sexuality
  • identify with same sex friends and focus on growing up
28
Q

Genital (4)

A
  • adolescnce-adulthood
  • hormones awaken and sexual instinct
  • love objects are now nonfamilial
29
Q

Kohlberg

A
  • moral development by analyzing response in children though 9 hypothetical moral dilemnas
30
Q

Heinz dilemna

A
  • woman is dying and needs expensive medication

- husband can’t afford medication - should she steal it or let her die?

31
Q

Preconventional/premoral (1) kohlberg

A
  • “if I steal medicine, I will get in trouble”
    Level 1: should avoid punishment
    Level 2: should gain rewards
32
Q

Conventional/morality of conformity (2) kohlberg

A
  • “stelaing is against the law”
    Level 2: should gain approval
    Level 3: should follow law and authority
33
Q

Postconventional/morality of self-accepted principles (3) kohlberg

A

” if its unjust that money is an obstacle to life. it is ethical that I save my wife”
Level 5: beyond black and white of law; attentive to rights and social welfare
Level 6: makes decision based on abstract ethical principles

34
Q

Carol Gilligan

A
  • Kohlebr’s moral development was biased towards males becuase it dominated by rules, whereas womans morality focuses more on compassion
35
Q

Erik Erikson

A
  • life span development

- each stage of life has it’s own unique psychosocial conflict to resolve

36
Q

Birth-18mos (life span)

A
  • trust vs. istrust

- resolution = trust

37
Q

18 mos - 3 years (life span)

A
  • autonomy vs. shame and doubt

- resoltuion = independnece

38
Q

3-6 years (life span)

A
  • initiative vs. guilty

- resolution = purpose

39
Q

6-puberty (life span)

A
  • industry vs. inferiorrity

- resolution = competency

40
Q

teen years (life span)

A
  • identity vs. role confusion
  • resolution = sense of self
  • gave term to “identity crisis”
41
Q

Young adult (life span)

A
  • intimacy vs. isolation

- resolution = love

42
Q

Middle age (life span)

A
  • producitivty vs. stagnation

- resoltuion = producitivty and caring

43
Q

Old age (life span)

A
  • ego integrity vs. despair

- resolution = wisdom and integrity

44
Q

Bowlby

A
  • infants are motivated to attach to other for positive reason and for negative ones (avoiding fear)
  • critical during senitive period to prevent character and stability problems
45
Q

Ainsworth

A
  • studied attachment through strange situation
  • overall children demonstrateed stranger anxity (crying when stranger enterd)
  • children responded differently to mothers who entered the room
  • work carried on by Mary Main
46
Q

Securely attached

A
  • ran an clung to their mothers

- more readily explore the environment

47
Q

Avoidant attached

A
  • ignored or avoided their mothers
48
Q

Ambivalent attached

A
  • infants squirmed or kciekd if their mothers tried to comfort them
49
Q

Baumrind

A
  • studied relationship between parenting stlyes and personality development
  • authortarian, authoritative and permissive
50
Q

Authoritarian

A
  • demandng, unaffection

- had children who were withdrawn and unhappy

51
Q

Permissive parenting

A
  • affectionate, not strict

- had children who were happy but lacking elf-control and self-reliance

52
Q

Authoritative parent

A
  • affection, firm but fair
  • had chidren who were self-confident, assertive, friendly, happy and high functioning
  • help children understand and accept norms of society and how to function
53
Q

John watson’s behavioustic approach to development

A
  • chidren were pasively molded by their environment and that behaviour emerges through imiation of their parents
54
Q

Internal maturational factors

A
  • control motor development for the first 2 years of life
55
Q

Interacting with infants through attention and affection

A
  • fosters their physical, emotional, IQ development

- neglectd children show mental retardation and morality

56
Q

Gesseel

A
  • nature provided a blueprint for development through maturation and environment filled in the details
57
Q

Children who identify as aggressive in early age:

A
  • remain moderatly aggressive at later stages
58
Q

Sex-typed beahviour

A
  • beahviour that seems sterotypical for gender
  • low at young and older life
  • highest during adolescence
59
Q

Boys who reach puberty sooner:

A
  • psychologicall and socially advantagous
60
Q

Career aspirations of children:

A
  • usually similar to their parents
61
Q

Hermaphrodie or intersex

A
  • both male and female genitals

- most likely result of female fetus beng expose to higher levels of testosterone

62
Q

Symbolic play

A
  • children 1-2 years pretend roles and use objects to represent things
  • apparent that they understand conceps of having one object stand for the other
63
Q

Parallel play

A
  • when children 2-3 are standing next to eachother and playing in similar style but by themselves and not interacting with others

Psychology GRE (15 decks)

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