LANGUAGE

Question 1

Phonemes

Answer 1

• sounds that carry no meaning

Question 2

Phonics

Answer 2

• learning to read by sounding out the phonemes

Question 3

Morphemes

Answer 3

• made up of phonemes
• smallest unit of language
  e. g. boy and ing

Question 4

Phrase

Answer 4

• group of words put together to function as a single syntactic part of sentence

Question 5

Syntax

Answer 5

• arrangement of words into sentence

Question 6

Grammer

Answer 6

• rules of interrelationship between morphemes and syntax

Question 7

Morphology/morphological rules

Answer 7

• grammers rules on how to group morphemes

Question 8

Prosody

Answer 8

• tone inflections

- infants can differentiate between different sounds than different expression of same sounds

Question 9

Noam Chomsky

Answer 9

• most important psycholinguists

- transformational grammer and language acquisition device (LAD)

Question 10

Transformational grammer

Answer 10

• differentiates between surface structure and deep structure in language

Question 11

Surface structure

Answer 11

• way words are organized

- can be organized differently

Question 12

Deep structure

Answer 12

• underlying meaning of sentences

- deep structure can be the same but the surface structure is different

Question 13

Language acqusition device (LAD)

Answer 13

• inborn ability to adopt generatie grammer rules of the language
• children need to be exposed to a language in order to easily apply LAD (not through learning, memorizing, conditioning)

Question 14

Ovverregulization

Answer 14

• overapplication of grammer rules

e. g. sheeps

Question 15

Overextension

Answer 15

• generalizing with names for things

e. g. anything fuzzy = doggie

Question 16

Telegraphic speech

Answer 16

• speech without articles or extras

e. g. me go

Question 17

Holophrastic speech

Answer 17

• young child uses one word (holophrases) to convey a whole sentence
  e. g. me = me want

Question 18

Who learns language faster? Girls vs. boys

Answer 18

Girls

Question 19

Bilingual children are faster or slower to learn language

Answer 19

Slower

Question 20

Reading and writing processes in the brain

Answer 20

• reading and understanding and writing and processing language are processed in the same brain area
• slight differences e.g. can read but can’t understand speech

Question 21

Alexia

Answer 21

• unable to read

Question 22

Agraphia

Answer 22

• Unable to write

Question 23

Name sequence of speech in children

Answer 23

1) noun

2) verb

Question 24

Describe first phrases children use

Answer 24

1) 1 noun, 1 verb

2) 2 nouns

Question 25

Language acquisition milestones:

Answer 25

1 year: speaks first words
2 years: 50+ words in 2 or 3 word phrases
3 years: 1000+ words vocabulary with grammer erros
4 years: grammar problems and random exceptions

Question 26

Benjamin Whorf

Answer 26

• how culture says things influences that culture’s perspective

Question 27

Whorfian hypothesis

Answer 27

• important of non sexist language

- howevre, cultures with no words for certain color canstill recognize them

Question 28

Roger Brown

Answer 28

• children’s understaning of grammar rules deveops as they make a hypothesis about how syntax works and self correct with evidence

Question 29

Katherine Nelson

Answer 29

• anguage develops with onset o active speech rather than only listening

Question 30

Wiliam Labov

Answer 30

• “Black english” found that there is internal structure and simply not incorrect English

Question 31

Vyotsky and Luria

Answer 31

• development of word meaning
• altered by experience
• language is a tool invovled in development of abstract thinking

Question 32

Charles Osgood

Answer 32

• semantics, word meanings by creating semantic differential charts and people plot meaning onto graphs

Question 33

Semantic differential charts

Answer 33

• people with similar backgrounds and interests plot words similarily = word connotations

Question 34

Word connotations

Answer 34

• implied meaning in words for cultures or subcultures