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Psychology GRE > CLINICAL AND ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY > Flashcards

CLINICAL AND ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY

A
  • study of theory, assessment, and treatment of mental and emotional disorders
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2
Q

Psychoanalytical theory

A
  • Sigmund Freud
  • most extensive complex theory of human nature
  • conflict central to human nature, between drives of conscious and unconscious
  • individuals motivated by drive reduction
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3
Q

Greatest conflict in psychoanalytical theroy

A
  • 1st was between libido (sex) and ego

- later revised that conflict is between eros (life instinct) and thanatos (death instict)

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4
Q

Layout of mind in psychoanalytical theroy

A
  • first viewed layout of mind as a topographic model of mental life which conscious elements were openly acknolwedged forced and unconscious elements e.g. drives and wishes and layers below consciousness
  • later model is was structural = mental life has particular organization rather than layers
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5
Q

3 components of structural organization:

A

1) ego
2) id
3) superego

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6
Q

Ego

A
  • mediates between envionrment and pressures of id and superego
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7
Q

Id

A
  • contains unconscious biological drives

- life at birth consists of id (biological drives e.g. aggression) then develops to include unconscious wishes

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8
Q

Superego

A
  • imposed learned or socialized drives

- not born with - influenced by moral and parental training

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9
Q

How well a person handles their ego =

A
  • determines their mental health

- constant push pull between competing forces of id, superego, and environment

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10
Q

Abnormal theory (psychoanalytical)

A
  • result of repressed drives and conflicts that manifest in dysfunctional ways
  • pathological behaviour, dreams, and unconscious behavior are symptoms of underlying unresolved conflicts
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11
Q

Psychic determinisms

A
  • pathological behavior from unresolved conflict is manifested when ego does not find acceptable ways to express conflict
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12
Q

Therapy (psychoanalytical)

A
  • Psychoanalysis or analysis
  • seen 4-5x week vs. 1x or 2x and for many years
  • intitially used hyponosis and later switched to free association
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13
Q

Charcot and Janet

A
  • hypnosis
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14
Q

Breuer

A
  • free association

- process in which patients reeports thoughts

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15
Q

Catharsis or abreaction

A
  • discharge of repressed emotion through free association
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16
Q

Transference

A
  • central idea to psychoanalysis
  • patients react to therapist like they reacted to their parents
  • serve as metaphor for patient’s repressed emotions about parents
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17
Q

Countertransference

A
  • how therapist feels about their patient

- unconscious feelings or wishes

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18
Q

Object relations theory

A
  • therapist uses patients transference to help them resolve problems that were result of previous relationships by correcting emotional experience in their therapist-patient realtionship
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19
Q

Goal of therapy (psychoanalyitical)

A
  • lessen unconscious pressures by making much of this material conscious as possible
  • allow ego to better mediate forces
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20
Q

Criticism (psychoanaylitical)

A
  • develops theories from single cases studies of woman

- not scientific method

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21
Q

Aggression

A
  • central force in humans that must find socially acceptable outlet
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22
Q

Defense mechanism

A
  • way in which ego protects itself from threatening unconscious material/environmental forces
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23
Q

Repression/denail

A
  • not allowing threatening material into awareness
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24
Q

Rationalization

A
  • justifying/rationalizing behavior or feelings that cause guilt
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25
Q

Projection

A
  • accusing others of having one’s own unacceptable feelings
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26
Q

Displacement

A
  • shifting unacceptable feelings or action to less threatening recipient
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27
Q

Reaction formation

A
  • embracing feelings or behaviours opposite to the true threatening feeling that one has
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28
Q

Compensation

A
  • excelling in one area to make up for shortcomings in another
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29
Q

Sublimination

A
  • channeling threatening drives into acceptable outlets
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30
Q

Identification

A
  • imitating a central figure in one’s life
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31
Q

Undoing

A
  • performing ritualistic activity in order to relieve anxiety about unconscious drives
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32
Q

Dreams

A
  • safe outlets for unconcious meterial and wish fulfillment
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33
Q

Manifest content

A
  • actualy content of reams provides info for latent content
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34
Q

Latent content

A
  • unconscious forces the dreams are trying to express
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35
Q

Pleasure principle

A
  • AKA primary process
  • human motivation to skeek pleasure, avoid pain
  • salient in early life
  • where id operates
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36
Q

Reality principle

A
  • AKA secondary process

- guided by ego and responds to demands of the environment by delaying gratification

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37
Q

Screen memory

A
  • serve as representations of important childhood experiences
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38
Q

Individual theory/Alderian theory

A
  • Alfred Adler
  • people are viewed as creative, social and whole
  • people realize themselves via “becoming”
  • motivated by social needs and feelings of inferiority when current self doesn’t match self-ideal
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39
Q

Will to power

A
  • health individual has will to power to quest for superiort in spite of inferiority
  • pursue quest that are outside himself and beneficial to society
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40
Q

Abnormal theory (Alderian)

A
  • unhealthy individuals are too much affected by inferior feelings to pursue the will to power
  • make excuses and if they do pursue goals are self-serving and egotistical
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41
Q

Therapy (Alderian)

A
  • psychodynamic approach where unconscious feelings play a role
  • examination of person’s lifestyle and choices
  • patient examines motivation perception, goals and resources
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42
Q

Goal of therapy (Alderian)

A
  • aims to reduce feelings of inferiortiy

- foster social interest and social contribution

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43
Q

Criticism (Alderian)

A
  • best use with normal people in search of growth
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44
Q

What did Alder create?

A
  • a peronality typology based on personal activity and social interest
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45
Q

Ruling-dominant type (choleric)

A
  • high actibity
  • low social contribution
  • dominant
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46
Q

Getting-learning type (phlegmatic)

A
  • low activity
  • high social contribution
  • dependent
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47
Q

Avoiding type (melancholic)

A
  • low activity
  • low social contribution
  • withdrawn
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48
Q

Socially useful type (sanguine)

A
  • high activity
  • high social contribution
  • healthy
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49
Q

Analytical Theory

A
  • Gustav Jung
  • freud placed too much emphasis on libido
  • psyche was directed towards life and awarness (rather than sex)
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50
Q

Unconscious is divded into 2 types (jung)

A
  • personal unconscious: material from own experiences that can become conscious
  • collective unconcscious: dynamics of psyche inherited from ancestors
  • commmon to all people and contain archetypes
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51
Q

Archetype (jung)

A
  • best knwon concept
  • universially meaningful concepts passed down through collective unconscious since beginning of man
  • allow us to oranized expericnce across cultures
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52
Q

Persona (jung)

A
  • person’s outer mask
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53
Q

Shadow (jung)

A
  • person’s dark side

- often projected onto other

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54
Q

Anima (jung)

A
  • female elements that man possess
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55
Q

Animus (jung)

A
  • male elemtns that females possess
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56
Q

Self

A
  • full individual potential, symbolized in cultures by figures
    e. g. mandala
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57
Q

Abnomal theory (jung)

A
  • something is wrong in makeup of the psyche

- provides clues about how one could become more aware

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58
Q

Therpy( jung)

A
  • psychodynamic because unconscious elements are addressed

- material exposed via analsis of individual’s dreams, personal symbols etc.

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59
Q

Goal of therapy (jung)

A
  • use unconscious messages in order to become more aware and closer to full potential
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60
Q

Criticisms (jung)

A
  • too mystical/spiritual
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61
Q

Client centered therapy

A
  • rogers
  • AKA person centered/Rogerian therapy centered around humanistici and optimistic outlook on human nature
  • individuals have atualizing tendency that can direct them out of conflict and toward full potential
  • best via atmosphere that fosters growth
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62
Q

Abormal theroy (roger)

A
  • people who lack congruency between real selves and their conscious self concept
  • feelings are inconsistent with acknowledged concept of self
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63
Q

therapy (roger)

A
  • direct by client

- therapist is nondirective and only provide atmopshere for client’s self-exploration

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64
Q

Empathy(roger)

A
  • by therapist shoudl appreacite rather than just observe the client’s world
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65
Q

Unconditional positive regard (roger)

A
  • facilitates a trusting and safe environment

- therapist maintains positive feelings no matter what the therapist chooses

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66
Q

Genuinessess/congreuence (roger)

A
  • feelings and experiences of therapist should match

- shoud not maintain a professional reserve but speak genuinely with client

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67
Q

Goal of therapy (roger)

A
  • provide trusting atmosphere where client can egnahe in self-directed growth
  • evidence = congruent self-concept, positive self-regard, internal locus of evluation and willingess to experience
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68
Q

Criticism (roger)

A
  • used no diagnositc tools because believed that client-centered therapy applied to any psychological problem
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69
Q

Behaviour Theory

A
  • Skinner, Pavlov, Wolpe
  • applicatio of classical and operatn conditions to human abnormal behviaour
  • based on learning
  • change maladaptie beaviour through new learning
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70
Q

Radicsl behaviourism

A
  • associatd with skinner’s operant ideas

- behaviour only related to consequences

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71
Q

Neobehaviourism

A
  • used pavlov’s classical couterconditioning principles to create new responses to stimuli
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72
Q

Abnormal theroy (behaavioursm)

A
  • result of learning
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73
Q

Therapy (beahvuoursm)

A
  • short term and direted
  • thoughts, unconscious etc. are not addressed
  • uses techniques of counterconditioning to foster the learning of new responses in client
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74
Q

Sytematic desensitization (behavioursim)

A
  • developed by Wolpe
  • classical conditioning to relieve anxiety
  • exposed to increainly anxiety provoking stimuli until anxiety associated with those stimui is decreased
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75
Q

Flooding or impolsive therapy (behviourism)

A
  • applies classical conditioning in order to relieve anxiety
  • repeatdly exposed to any anxiety producing sitmuli so that overeposure leads to lessen anxiety
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76
Q

Aversion therapy (beahviourism)

A
  • operant pinciple of negative reinforcement to reduce anxiety
  • anxiety reaction is created where there was preiously none
  • treat addiction and fetishes
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77
Q

Shaping (behviourism)

A
  • operant conditiongin to change behaviour

- reinforced for beahviours that come closer to desired action

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78
Q

Modeling (behviourism)

A
  • employs social learning that exposes client to more adaptive behaviours
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79
Q

Assertiveness training (beahvuourism)

A
  • provides tools and exprience thorough which client is more assertive
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80
Q

Role playing (beahvioursm)

A
  • allow client to practive new beaivours and repsonses
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81
Q

Goal of therapy (beahvoiurism)

A
  • change beaviour in desired or adpative direction

- extremly successful in treatiung phobias, fetishes, OCD, seuxal probems, and childhood disorders

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82
Q

Crtiticism (beahviourism)

A
  • accused of treating symptoms rather than underlying probem
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83
Q

Cognitive thoery

A
  • beck
  • consious thought patterns are starring role in peoples lives
  • way person interprets experince, rather than the epeirnce itself
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84
Q

Abnoral theroy (beck)

A
  • maladaptive cognitiongs lead to abnormal beahviours
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85
Q

Arbitrary inference (beck)

A
  • drawing conlsucions without solid evidnece
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86
Q

Overgeneralization (beck)

A
  • Mistaking isolated incident for the norm
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87
Q

Magnifying/minimizing (beck)

A
  • making too much or little of something
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88
Q

Peronalizing (beck)

A
  • inappropriately taking responsbility
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89
Q

Dichotomous thining (beck)

A

back and white thinking

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90
Q

Cognitive triad

A
  • negative views about self, world and future cuase depression
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91
Q

Beck depression inventory (BDI)

A
  • measures cognitive traid to guage severity of depression
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92
Q

Therapy (beck)

A
  • directed therapy to expose maladaptive thought and reasoning patterns
  • short term and focus on tangible evidence of client’s logica (e.g. what they say or do)
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93
Q

Goal of therapy (beck)

A
  • to correct maladaptive cognitions
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94
Q

Criticims (beck)

A
  • address how person thinks rather why pattersn were initally developed
  • removing symptoms may not cure the problem
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95
Q

Rationale-emotive theroy

A
  • albert ellis
  • elements of cognitive, behvaioural, emotion theory
  • interwined thoughts and feelings produce behaviour
96
Q

Abnormal theory (raional emotive)

A
  • tensions is created when activating event occurs (A) and client appies certain beliefs about event (B) and leads to consequence of emotional disruption (C)
97
Q

Therapy (rational emotive)

A
  • therapy is directive

- lead client to dispute (D) the previously applied irrational beliefs

98
Q

Goal of thearpy (rational emotive)

A
  • effective rational beliefs(E) is to replace previous self-defeating one
  • thought, feelings, behaviours can coexist
99
Q

Crticism (rational emotive)

A
  • RET is too sterile and mechanistic like cognitive abdbehavoural
100
Q

Gestalt theory (Perls, werthiemer, koffa)

A
  • stand apart from beliefs, biases and attitudes derived from the past
  • fully experience and percieve the present to become whole and integrated person
101
Q

Abnormal theory (gestalt)

A
  • derived from disturbances of awareness

- client may not have insight and not fully experince his present situation (now acnowledging situation)

102
Q

Therapy (gestalt)

A
  • engages in dialogue with client rather than leading the client toward any goal
  • learns from shared dialoge and focus on present rather than past and future
103
Q

Goal of therapy (gestalt)

A
  • exploration of awarness and full experieinc of the present
  • success is when client is connected to present
104
Q

Crticism (gestalt)

A
  • not suited for low-functioning and disturbed clients
105
Q

Existential theory (Frankl)

A
  • age-old philosophical ideas about meaning
  • greatest struggle are those of being vs. nonbeing and meaingfulness vs. meaninlessness
  • constant stive to rise above simply existent (will to meaning)
106
Q

Rollo May

A
  • major contributor to existential therapy
107
Q

Abnormal therapy (existential)

A
  • response to perceied meaningless in life is neuroris or neurotic activity
108
Q

Therapy (existential)

A
  • talking therapy where deep questioning relates to client’s perception an meaning of existence are discussed
109
Q

Goal of therapy (existential)

A
  • increase sense of being and meaingfulness

- will alleviate neurotic anxiety

110
Q

Criticism (existential)

A
  • called too abstract for distrubed individuals
111
Q

Psychopharmacology

A
  • use of medication to treat mental illness
  • do not cure illness but effective at alleviating syptoms
  • sometimes the only treatment recieved
112
Q

Abnormal theroy (psychopharmacology)

A
  • emotional disturbacnes are partly caused by biological factors that can be successfully treated with medication
113
Q

Therapy (psychopharmacology)

A
  • aim to affect NT
114
Q

Most common NT (monoamines)

A
  • dopamin, serotoning, norepinephrine
115
Q

Antipsychotics

A
  • first drugs used for psychopathology

- treat positive symptoms of schizophrenia by blocking dopamin receptors and inhibit prouction

116
Q

Antimanics

A
  • manage bipolar
  • inhibit monoamines such as norepinephren and serotinine
  • theory that excessive monoamines = mania
117
Q

Antidepressants

A
  • opposite action of antimanics
  • theory of abnormally low levels of monoamines cause depression
  • drugs act to increase monoamines production
118
Q

Tricylic antidepressant (TCA)

A
  • have tricyclic chemical structu
119
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)

A
  • type od antidepressent increase monoamines
120
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A
  • act only on serotonin

- more frequently prescribed antidepressant because of few side effects

121
Q

Anxiolyntics

A
  • reduce anxiety or to induce sleep by increasing effectiveness of GABA (inhibitory NT)
  • high potential for habituation and addiction
122
Q

Antabuse

A
  • changes metasbolism of alchol that result in naseua and vomiting when combined with alcohol
  • countercondition of alchoholics
123
Q

Goal of therapy (psychopharamcology)

A
  • relief from sympomts of psychopathology
124
Q

Criticism (psychpharamcology)

A
  • take away symptoms do not provide interpersonal support
125
Q

Han Eysenck

A
  • critized effectivness of psychotherapy
  • no mroe successful that no treatment at all
  • others have contradicted this point
126
Q

Anna Freud

A
  • applied Fruedian ideas to child and development
127
Q

Malanie Klien

A
  • pioneered objects relation theory and psychoanalysis with childrne
128
Q

Neofruedian - Horney

A
  • empahsized culture and society over instinct

- neuroticism is expressed as movement toward, against, an away from people

129
Q

Sullivan - neofrudian

A
  • empahsized social and interpersonal relationships
130
Q

Psychodynamic theory

A
  • refers to theroies that emphaize role of unconscious
131
Q

Cogitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

A
  • employs principles from cognitive abd behavioural therapy
132
Q

Humanistic theory

A
  • refers to theories that emphasize positive, evolving free will in people
133
Q

Third Force

A
  • humaistic therapy

- in psychotherapy the reaction to psychoanalysis and beahviourlism

134
Q

Maslow

A
  • leader in humanistic movement
  • pyramid of heirarchy of needs
  • huans starts from bottom and work i their way up to hierarcy towards self-actualization aby satisfying the needs at previous levels
135
Q

Play therapy

A
  • child clients

- convey emotions, situations, and distrubances

136
Q

Electrovconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)

A
  • electric current to brain and induces convulsions

- effect intervention for severly dperessed

137
Q

Family therapy

A
  • treats family togther and views whoel family as the client
138
Q

Stress-incoluation training

A
  • Meichenbaum

- prepares people for foreseeable stressors

139
Q

Niel Miller

A
  • abnormal behaviour can be learned
140
Q

Evidence based treatment

A
  • refers to treatment for MHC that been shown to produce resuts in empirical research stuidies
  • some argue only treatment shown to work in research is ethical
  • others argue that controlled experiements are noting like realy treatment enviornment
141
Q

Why are antidepressants frquently employed for depression?

A
  • relatively fast relief of symtpoms
  • so that person can attend therapy
  • psychotherapy can be unsuccessful
  • usually require 6 weeks to start working
142
Q

Applied psychology

A
  • uses principles or research findinds to solve problems
143
Q

DSM 4

A

-16 categoires of mHC

144
Q

Abnormal psychology

A
  • beahviour that is deemed not normal

- 16 categories

145
Q

Mental retardation (childhood)

A
  • IQ of 70 or below
  • mild = 55-70
  • moderate = 40-55
  • sever = 25-40
  • profound = under 25
146
Q

Learning disorders (childhood)

A
  • problems with social, communication and interests
147
Q

Attention deficits ad disruptive behaviour (childhood) (2)

A
  • ADHD is indicative of atention, beahviour problem and ipulsivity
  • ODD patterns of behaviour that violate rules, norms or rights of others
148
Q

Tic (childhood)

A
  • tourrettes snydrome e.g.

- motor and vocal tics

149
Q

Elimintation disorders (childhood)

A
  • nocturnal enuresis e.g. bed wetting

- treated with behaviour modiication

150
Q

Delirium (cogitive)

A
  • disturbed consioucness and cogntition
151
Q

Dementia (cogntive)

A
  • result from medical condition e.g. alxhiemers, huntingtons, picks’s (personality changes)
152
Q

Mental disorders via general medical condition

A
  • direct physiological result of medical problem e.g. depression from hypothyriodism
153
Q

Substance related disorder

A
  • from use of any toxin
154
Q

Dependence (substance)

A
  • continued use depsite probem
  • need for more
  • desire but inability to stop
  • withdrawal
  • lessen outisde interest
  • time spent locating, using, recovering
155
Q

Abuse (substance)

A
  • recurrent use despite danger
156
Q

Psychotic disorder

A
  • hallucinations or delusions (erronious beliefs) are present
157
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • dementia preacox (renamed by bleuler)
  • splitmind from reality
  • excessive dopamine
158
Q

Positive symptoms (schizo)

A
  • abrnoamally present

- delusions, perceptiual hallucinations, nonsensical speech, neologism (made up speech)

159
Q

Negative symptos (schizo)

A
  • abnormall absent
  • flat effect
  • restrictions in thoughts, speech, behaviour
160
Q

Onsset of sczhiophrenai

A
  • between adolescent and mid-30
161
Q

Process schziophrenia

A
  • develops graudally

- lowe rrate of recovery

162
Q

Reactive schizphreni

A
  • develops suddely to event
  • higher rate of recovery
  • more likely if person has good social and interpersonal skills
163
Q

Diathesis stress theory

A
  • schizophrenia results from physiological predisposition and external stresor
164
Q

Paranoid

A
  • preoccuptions with hallucionations
165
Q

Disorganized

A
  • hebphrenic schizophrenia

- disorganized pseehc, beahviour, flat effect

166
Q

Catatonic

A
  • psychomotor disturbances
  • catelepsy (waxy figure)
  • prominent posturing (grimacing)
  • echolalia
  • echopraxia (imitating gestures)
167
Q

Undifferentiaed

A
  • not fitting in schizo type
168
Q

Residual

A
  • few positive symptoms
169
Q

Schizoaffetive

A
  • accompanying depressive episode
170
Q

Delusional disorder

A
  • various types
  • eromatic (in love with individual)
  • grandiose
  • jealousy
  • persecutory
  • somatic (believe body is ugly)
171
Q

Shared psychotic disorder

A
  • folie a deux

- 2 ppl with shared delusions

172
Q

MDD

A
  • depressive episode
  • weight changes, sleep changes, anhedonia, suicid
  • every day for 2 weeks
  • twice as common in females
173
Q

Dysthmic disorder (mood)

A
  • MDD symptoms with no epidosde

- more days than none for 2 years

174
Q

Bipolar (mood)

A
  • manic dperession
  • depressive and manic symptos that alternative
  • equal in males and females
175
Q

Panic attack

A
  • under 10 mins

- intense fear of dying

176
Q

Treatment for anxiety

A
  • GAD with anxiolytics, specific anxiety with exposure therapy
177
Q

Panic disorder

A
  • recurrent panic attacks that worry about another attack

- often with mitral vlave heart problem

178
Q

Agoraphobia

A
  • fear of stiaution where panic symptoms might arise

- fear and avoidance

179
Q

Phobia

A
  • recognized, nresonalb efear towards stimuli

- specific phobia and social phobia

180
Q

OCD

A
  • obsession and compulsions ( mental acts/repititons) that an time consusmming and siruptive
181
Q

PTSD

A
  • exposure to rama that reuslt in decrease ability to function and recurrent thought sna anxiety about trauma
182
Q

Somatoform disorder

A
  • bodily and physicla smyptoms that reduced functioning
183
Q

COnversion disorder (somatoform)

A
  • voluntary movement and paralysis
184
Q

Hypochondrais (somatoform)

A
  • irrational concern about having a sesrious disorder
185
Q

Factitious disorder

A
  • creating physical complains thorugh fabrication and self-inflinction to assume sick role
186
Q

Dissociateive disorder

A
  • disruption in memory or identity (psychogenic disorder)
187
Q

Amnesia (dissociative)

A
  • reterograde (can’t remember even before trauma)

- anterograde

188
Q

Fugue (dissociative)

A
  • fleeing to new location
  • forgetting identity
  • establishing new idnetity
189
Q

Identifity disorder (disoociative)

A
  • AKA multiple personality disorder

- 2+ identites

190
Q

Sexual and gender idenity disorder

A
  • fetishes
  • arousal prblems
  • gender disocomfort
191
Q

Eating disorders

A
  • AN (refusing to eat)

- BC (binge and compensate)

192
Q

Dyssomnais

A
  • sleep abnormalities
193
Q

Parasomnias

A
  • abnormal behaviours during sleep
194
Q

Insomnia

A
  • diffulty falling or staying alssep
195
Q

Hypersomina

A
  • ecessive sleep
196
Q

Nacolespy

A
  • fallsing asleep everywhre
197
Q

Nightmare

A
  • disurption of sleep via. nighmares
198
Q

Sleep terrors

A
  • dirusption of sleep via. screaming
199
Q

Impulse control disorder (not elsewhere classified)

A
  • giving into ipulse lessions tensions and brings relief

- diruptive to overall function

200
Q

Kleptomnia

A
  • steal
201
Q

Pyromani

A
  • set fires
202
Q

Pathological gambling

A
  • gamble
203
Q

Trichotillomani

A
  • pull out hair
204
Q

Adjustment disorder

A
  • presence of real stressor decreases functioning
205
Q

Peronality disordrs

A
  • rigid, pervaisve, vulturally abnormal prsonality structures
206
Q

Paranoid (PD)

A
  • distructs
207
Q

Schizoid

A
  • detachment -

- small rang eof emotion

208
Q

Schizotype

A
  • eceentricity, disotorted reality
209
Q

Antisocial

A
  • disregard for tothers

- absenc eof guild

210
Q

Borderlin

A
  • insaility in realtionships

- impuslive

211
Q

Histronic

A
  • attention seeking and emotional
212
Q

Narcissitic

A
  • need for admiration and superiority
213
Q

Avoidnt

A
  • insecury, social inhibitons, hypersensitive

- perception in indqadeuqnecy

214
Q

Depdnent

A
  • clingy
215
Q

Obeseevvie copuslie

A
  • perfectionism
216
Q

Dopamin

A
  • too much = schozphrenia
  • use amphtamines to incree activity - produces paranoid symptoms
  • Neuroleptic blocks dopmaine
  • parksons = deficieny in dopamin (neuroleptics can cause this)
217
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A
  • long term use of neuroleptics or psychotropics

- involuntary movements of tongue, jaw etc.

218
Q

Down syndrome

A
  • trisoy of chromosom 21
219
Q

Cretinism

A
  • idodine deficieny
220
Q

Korskoff’s syndome

A
  • vit B deficieny
  • loss of memory or orientation
  • confabulations = make up events
  • from alchoholism
221
Q

Wernicke’s syndrome

A
  • thanimine deficieny

- memory problems and eye dysfucntions

222
Q

Phynlyketonuria (PKU)

A
  • excessive amino acids

- metabolic error

223
Q

Tay-Sach disease

A
  • resemeble schizphrenia and demantia

- deficieny of hexoamindase A

224
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrom

A
  • XYY male
225
Q

Depression rates

A
  • higher in developed countries

- woman 2x

226
Q

Ractive depression

A
  • from particular events

- similar to learned helplessneess

227
Q

Szasz

A
  • sczhiophrenic world is misunderstood or artistic and shouldn’t be treated
228
Q

Depressive realism

A
  • idea that depressed have more realistic view of world
229
Q

Fromm and Reichman

A
  • schiophrenogenic moter

- cause children to be schozphrenic

230
Q

Rosenhan

A
  • diagnostic lables of perception

- those with fake illnesses acted normal but stilll fit diaonsis

231
Q

Life event stress

A
  • result from large, sudden changes or problems
232
Q

Healthy pschology

A
  • more likely to get sick when stressed

- social support = better health outcomes

233
Q

Multiaxial assessement

A
  • clients are assessed acros 5 axis for complete picture of their functioning
    1) clinical disorders
    2) personality disorder
    3) general medical
    4) psychosocial
    5) global
234
Q

APA

A
  • founded in 1892 by stanley hall
  • includes american psychologist, psychological bulletin, and psychological abstracts
  • also includes PSYC INFO
235
Q

Primary prevention

A
  • attentps to prevent psychosocial problem thorugh direct contact with at-risk people
  • proactive intervention that take place before prolems arise
236
Q

Culturally competent interventions

A
  • reconize and tailored to cultural differences

- learn language, cusoms and norms

237
Q

Community psychology

A
  • taken into communict via community cneters and schools

- respoects and recognizes logisitics that keep neediest people from seeking help

Psychology GRE (15 decks)

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